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Concept: Conflict and Change Individuals and Groups Rule of Law

SS8H6c Analyze the impact of Reconstruction on Georgia and other southern states, emphasizing Freedmen’s Bureau; sharecropping and tenant farming; Reconstruction plans; 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments to the constitution; Henry McNeal Turner and black legislators; and the Ku Klux Klan. Concept:

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Concept: Conflict and Change Individuals and Groups Rule of Law

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  1. SS8H6cAnalyze the impact of Reconstruction on Georgia and other southern states, emphasizing Freedmen’s Bureau; sharecropping and tenant farming; Reconstruction plans; 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments to the constitution; Henry McNeal Turner and black legislators; and the Ku Klux Klan. Concept: Conflict and Change Individuals and Groups Rule of Law

  2. Reconstruction The period immediately after the Civil War when the South was rebuilt and the southern states returned to the Union

  3. CHARLESTON, SOUTH CAROLINA

  4. ATLANTA, GEORGIA

  5. RICHMOND, VIRGINIA

  6. “Imagine that you are a slave who has just been set free. Describe how you are feeling, what you will do next, where you will go, and any challenges you think you might face.”

  7. Freedmen’s Bureau U.S. agency that helped former slaves during Reconstruction Also helped some whites who were affected by the war Set up schools & churches (set stage for public schools in GA) Morehouse College Clark Atlanta University Issued food & clothing Drew up labor contracts

  8. HOW WAS SHARECROPPING SIMILAR TO SLAVERY?

  9. Sharecropping/Tenant Farming SHARECROPPING TENANT FARMING Tenant farming- a step up from sharecropping, the tenant uses the land and pays rent, whether in cash or crop Example: landowner gets $50 or $50 worth of crop Tenant brings more to the table than just labor (tools, fertilizer, etc.) • Sharecropping-landowner allows a tenant to use the land in return for a share of the crop produced • Example: landowner gets 50% of the crop • Sharecropper brings very little to the table besides his own/his family’s labor.

  10. “Imagine that you have two sons. Your older son has been bullying and fighting your younger son. The older son says he is upset because the younger son gets more attention. You punish your son, and he responds by running away from home. Before he leaves, he steals $500 from you. What would you do when your son returns? Would you punish him harshly so he won’t do it again, or be lenient with him if he promises not to do it again? Explain your choice.”

  11. RECONSTRUCTION PLANS(plans to readmit southern states back into the Union) PRESIDENTIAL CONGRESSIONAL Radical Republicans in Congress did not like how southern states were abusing former slaves Created five military districts in the South with US soldiers to protect the rights of former slaves States had to rewrite their constitutions Former Confederate leaders could no longer have power 13th amendment – abolish slavery 14th amendment – grant citizenship and equal rights to all persons born in the United States 15th amendment – guarantee freedmen the right to vote • Presidents Lincoln and Andrew Johnson wanted to quickly reunite the country together • 10% PLAN – only ten percent of the voting population in each southern state had to take an oath of loyalty • 13th Amendment – abolish slavery

  12. Lincoln’s Plan “Heal” the Nation Bring states back into Union quickly President appoints provisional Governors for each state Southern states had to: 1-declare secession null and void 2-abolish slavery 3-cancel all war debts

  13. Johnson’s Plan “Lenient” Many Confederate officials/soldiers pardoned Two high ranking CSA officials (Stephens included) were thereby elected to represent GA in the U.S. Senate which outraged Republicans Followed Lincoln’s lenient policies for Reconstruction Ratify 13th Amendment Declared Reconstruction complete quickly Took a lot of “heat” for this process which led to his impeachment

  14. Radical Republicans’ Plan “Punish” Wanted to “Punish” the South for the Civil War South occupied by U.S. Military Divided into districts (GA, FLA, and AL were 3rd district) 14th and 15th amendment ratified RR were upset about “Black Codes” 14th/15th Attempting to force the South into more fair treatment for blacks

  15. 13th Amendment 13th-“Freedom” This amendment officially abolished slavery or involuntary servitude unless it is punishment for a crime. 1st of the Reconstruction amendments

  16. 14th Amendment 14th “Citizenship” Overruled Dred Scott case and provided a new definition of citizenship Helped to enforce the 13th amendment

  17. 15th Amendment 15th- Voting Rights Prohibits taking away any person’s right to vote b/c of race, color, or previous condition of servitude Southerners would find a new way to take away voting rights…

  18. WHAT WERE BLACK CODES? RULES AND LAWS LIMITING THE FREEDOM OF BLACKS IN THE SOUTH • RACIAL SEGREGATION (SEPARATION OF THE RACES) • “PERSONS OF COLOR” COULD NOT VOTE • COULD NOT HOLD OFFICE (MAYOR, CONGRESSMAN, SENATOR, JUDGE, SHERIFF, ETC…) • HAD TO OBEY CURFEWS • COULD NOT SERVE ON JURIES • COULD NOT TESTIFY AGAINST WHITES IN COURT • ARRESTED FOR NOT HAVING A JOB • FORCED TO WORK ON ROAD CREWS OR FARMS UNTIL FINES PAID

  19. AS A RESULT OF THE RECONSTRUCTION ACTS, MANY AFRICAN AMERICANS SERVED AT THE LOCAL, STATE, AND NATIONAL LEVELS OF GOVERNMENT 29 African Americans Georgia House of Representatives 3 African Americans Georgia Senate

  20. Black Legislators Black men participated in GA politics for the 1st time between (1867-1876) 32 Black legislators elected in 1867 Whites were outraged and used KKK to intimidate Most black legislators were harassed constantly One quarter of the black legislators were killed, threatened, beaten, or jailed. Soon… blacks were LEGALLY disfranchised and would not have representation in General Assembly again until 1962 Tunis Campbell

  21. Henry McNeal Turner Helped to organize GA Republican party during Reconstruction Born free (1834), had worked for a law firm, very intelligent One of many black legislators expelled from General Assembly by whites The most prominent of the Black legislators who were elected in 1867 Later became AME bishop Travelled throughout South preaching revivals for AME church Led a “Back to Africa” emigration movement (1895, 1896) but most came back to U.S.A. quickly Unit

  22. IN RESPONSE TO NEW AFRICAN AMERICAN RIGHTS, SEVERAL HATE GROUPS SPRANG UP THROUGHOUT THE SOUTH.

  23. Secret oath-bound organization using terroristic tactics to intimidate Kuklos- ”circle”, Clan- “family” Began in TN in 1867 mostly as a social club for Confederate Veterans but progressively became more violent Used beatings, lynching, intimidation, and scare tactics to establish social & political control over blacks Successful in their goal of bringing Democrats back to power. Watched ballots as they were cast at the polls Disbanded around 1871, resurfaced again in 1915 with a ceremony atop Stone Mountain Ku Klux Klan

  24. End of Reconstruction The African Americans who had been expelled from the General Assembly in 1868 were readmitted by the Georgia Supreme Court in 1870. The Assembly approved the 14th and 15th Amendments. Georgia was readmitted to the Union, again, ending Reconstruction.

  25. MAP OF THE DATES THE STATES REENTERED THE UNION

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