Teaching an Old Dog New Tricks. Life magazine cover (1926), John Held, Jr.

1. The Roaring Twenties, 1919–1929 Advances are made in American technology that strongly affect U.S. business and culture. Teaching an Old Dog New Tricks. Life magazine cover (1926), John Held, Jr. NEXT

2. The Roaring Twenties, 1919–1929 SECTION 1 The Business of America SECTION 2 Changes in Society SECTION 3 The Jazz Age and the Harlem Renaissance NEXT

3. Section 1 The Business of America The government supports business and keeps a hands-off policy in other matters. NEXT

4. SECTION 1 The Business of America Harding and the “Return to Normalcy” • President Warren G. Hardingpromises to return U.S. to “normalcy” • Wants to reduce taxes, regulations, increase tariffs on foreign goods • Chooses a pro-business cabinet, including: - Andrew W. Mellon as secretary of the treasury - Herbert Hoover as secretary of commerce Warren Harding Continued . . . NEXT Andrew Mellon Herbert Hoover

5. In U.S. history, oil reserve scandal that began during the administration of President Harding. SECTION 1 continued Harding and the “Return to Normalcy” • President Harding appoints unqualified, corrupt men, cabinet positions • In the Teapot Dome ScandalSecretary of the Interior Albert Fall: - takes bribes - makes illegal deals with oil executives • Harding depressed about scandals, dies suddenly (1923) NEXT

6. SECTION 1 Coolidge Takes Over • Vice-President Calvin Coolidgebecomes president after Harding’s death • Tries to clean up scandals, elected president in his own right (1924) • Laissez faire—business unregulated by government benefits the nation • Coolidge supports laissez faire, U.S. business prospers • Against government helping people with social, economic problems • Refuses to help farmers Continued . . . NEXT

7. SECTION 1 continued Coolidge Takes Over • President Coolidge is an isolationist: - U.S. stays out of other nations’ affairs except for self-defense • Helps set up the Kellogg-Briand Pact(1928): - 15 nations agree not to make war on each other, only self-defense NEXT

8. Summarizing, briefly summarize the business policies of Presidents Warren G. Harding and Calvin Coolidge. President Harding wanted to lift burden of taxes and government regulations from the shoulders of Americans and help American businesses. So he proposed lower taxes, less regulation, and higher tariffs. President Coolidge believed that business would act in a way to benefit the nation if left unregulated. Also, he believed that the chief business of the American people was business.

9. SECTION 1 Technology Changes American Life • Average annual income per person rises 35 percent in 1920s • Americans have more money to buy goods, spend on leisure • Using assembly lines, Henry Ford makes cars most people can afford • Assembly line—product moves along conveyor belt across the factory Ford Model A (1928) on assembly line at the Ford Rouge Plant in Dearborn, Michigan. Continued . . . NEXT

10. Manufacturing technique in which a product is passed along a line of workers and put together in stages. Henry Ford in Car factory Example= Model T or “Tin Lizzie” Made cars affordable Made booms in glass, steel, rubber, gasoline industries Assembly Line

11. Ford Racer in 1901

12. Model T

13. 400,000 miles of new roads were built in the ‘20s Gas Stations, drive in restaurants, tourist cabins, & billboards alongside roads Linked rural areas to urban areas Helped to depopulate inner cities New social opportunities Pollution, traffic jams, parking problems,& accidents were problems Automobiles

14. SECTION 1 continued Technology Changes American Life • Once-costly items now cheaper, consumers use installment buying • Installment buying—repay borrowed amount in small monthly payments • National advertising begins, promotes new products • Cheap fuel powers new inventions that make life easier • Mostly only white middle class can afford new products NEXT

15. Coal, oil, natural gas, & waterpower Vast network of electrical power plants By 1930 over two thirds of all U.S. homes had electricity Abundant Supplies of Energy

16. Electrical appliances= washing machines, sewing machines, cake mixers, food grinders… Chemical companies offering synthetic materials New Industries

17. Became big business in the ‘20s Magazines, newspapers, billboards, & radio Most targeted women Used slogans, jingles, & famous people Advertising

18. People started to buy on credit Mid 20’s 75% of cars were bought with credit Credit

19. SECTION 1 The Air Age Begins • Former WW I pilots work as: - crop-dusters, stunt fliers, flight instructors • U.S. Post Office Department begins air mail service (1918) • Charles A. Lindbergh, Amelia Earhart fly across the Atlantic • Transatlantic flights promote commercial air transportation • Pan American Airways becomes first U.S. passenger airline (1927) NEXT

20. fill in the second column with a description of the effect on American life of the inventions and trends listed in column one helped the economy to boom; had the greatest impact on life during the 1920s airplanes had all kinds of new uses; brought distant cities closer together cheap electricity and petroleum became widely available; made possible new inventions and advances in technology got its start at this time; helped to promote new products consumers could buy new products that were available because of credit

21. Section 2 Changes in Society Changes in society in the 1920s bring new attitudes and lifestyles but also cause divisions and conflict. NEXT

22. SECTION 2 Changes in Society Youth in the Roaring Twenties • 1920s celebrates youth, young people rebel against tradition, authority • Youth stay in school longer, wear daring clothes, follow silly fads • Dance marathons are popular, Charleston is a favorite dance NEXT

24. SECTION 2 New Roles for Women • The symbol of 1920s American women is the flapper: - wears bobbed hair, makeup - dresses fall just below the knee - eager to try something new • Women take more active roles, have more personal freedom • New job opportunities for women, 2 women elected governor (1924) • View marriage more as equal partnership, women still do domestic work • 19th Amendment assures women have the right to vote NEXT

25. Four dancers performing the Charleston.

26. Term used to describe a 1920’s woman Flapper

28. rebelled against values of the past and authority of their elders; experimented with new fashions, attitudes, and ways of behavior took more active roles in their own lives than ever before; had new job opportunities and the right to vote

29. SECTION 2 Prohibition and Lawlessness • 18th Amendment—Prohibition—bans making, selling alcohol (1920) • Volstead Act (1919) enforces Prohibition, people get alcohol illegally • Speakeasies sell alcohol, bootleggers transport, sell liquor illegally • Organized crime gangs battle for control of bootlegging operations • Crime boss Al Caponeseizes control of 10,000 speakeasies in Chicago • Prohibition fails, 21st Amendment repeals Prohibition (1933) NEXT

30. Alphonse "Scarface" Capone after having been arrested in Miami, Florida (about 1930).

31. Prohibition Carry Nation

32. Al Capone

33. SECTION 2 Changes for African Americans • In 1920s, many African Americans move North, get better jobs • Gain some economic, political power: - still face discrimination, jobs, housing, racial tensions lead to riots • National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP): - tries to protect constitutional rights of African Americans - unable to get Congress to pass anti- discrimination law • Marcus Garveycalls blacks to return to Africa, form separate nation NEXT

34. Many people who did not consider drinking harmful or sinful disregarded the law. Also, organized crime grew out of Prohibition.

35. many moved north; gained some economic and political power; still faced discrimination in jobs and housing

36. SECTION 2 A Divided Society • Divisions between groups cause conflict • Fundamentalism—believe in literal interpretation of the Bible • Fundamentalists get teaching evolution in schools banned in 13 states • John Scopes breaks evolution ban, found guilty, decision reversed • Ku Klux Klangains strength, tries to influence politics • Uses violence against blacks, others, group’s power lessens, late 1920s 1:30 NEXT

37. conflicts developed over ideas and values; between African Americans and whites, the native-born and immigrants, urban and rural communities, scienceand religion.

38. Section 3 The Jazz Age and the Harlem Renaissance Popular culture was influenced by the mass media, sports, and the contribution of African Americans. NEXT

39. SECTION 3 The Jazz Age and the Harlem Renaissance More Leisure Time for Americans • Laborsaving appliances, shorter work hours increase leisure time • People get higher wages, spend more on leisure activities: - go to movies, reading, listening to radio, talking on phones • African Americans’, Hispanic Americans’ choices limited by income, race 2:32 NEXT

41. SECTION 3 Mass Media and Popular Culture • Mass media—communication to large audience—takes hold in 1920s • 1st radio broadcast (1920), household radios increase rapidly • Movies strongly influence U.S. culture, offer escape, glamour, thrills • People flock to movies to see favorite actors and actresses such as: - Charlie Chaplin - Mary Pickford - Rudolph Valentino • Popular cultureincludes songs, dances, movies, fashions, slang • Films silent, most of 1920s, 1st talking movie The Jazz Singer (1927) NEXT

42. Charlie Chaplin and Jackie Coogan in a silent movie called The Kid (about 1921).

43. John Barrymore

44. Clara Bow

45. Charlie Chaplin

46. Douglas Fairbanks

47. Lillian Gish & Sister

48. Greta Garbo

49. William S. Hart

50. Buster Keaton