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HIV/AIDS knowledge and attitudes. Core module asked to all women ages 15-49. Purpose. MDG indicator UNGASS indicator Indicators provide a basis to understand knowledge and attitudes toward HIV
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HIV/AIDS knowledge and attitudes Core module asked to all women ages 15-49
Purpose • MDG indicator • UNGASS indicator • Indicators provide a basis to understand knowledge and attitudes toward HIV • In low or concentrated epidemics these figures can be compared to data on most at risk populations
Indicators (1 of 4) • Comprehensive correct knowledge on prevention methods and misperceptions about HIV (MDG and UNGASS indicator) • Numerator: Those who 1) identify condoms and sex with only one partner as protection against HIV; and 2) reject two misconceptions about AIDS transmission and 3) know that a person who looks healthy can have HIV. • Denominator: Total number of respondents.
Indicators (2 of 4) • Attitudes toward people living with HIV • Numerator: Respondents who report an accepting attitude on all fourquestions: 1) would care for family member sick with AIDS; 2) would buy fresh vegetables from a vendor who was HIV positive; 3) female teacher who is HIV positive allowed to continue teaching in school; 4) would not want to keep HIV status of family member a secret. • Denominator: Respondents who have heard of HIV/AIDS.
Indicators (3 of 4) • Knowledge of counseling and testing services • Numerator: Number of respondents who know a location where they can receive an HIV test. • Denominator: Total number of respondents. • Use of counseling and testing services • Numerator: Number of respondents who report having received an HIV test. • Denominator: Total number of respondents.
Indicators (4 of 4) • Knowledge of mother to child transmission • Numerator: Number of respondents who know HIV transmission can take place during pregnancy, delivery, and through breastfeeding. • Denominator: Total number of respondents. • Services offered on mother to child transmission during antenatal care • Numerator: The number of women respondents who were counselled and offered voluntary HIV testing at ANC before their most recent birth in the last two years and received the test results. • Denominator: Total number of women respondents who were pregnant at any time in the two years preceding the survey.
Methodological issues • Check denominators • ‘All respondents’ except for attitudes table which is limited to those who have heard of AIDS • Indicator on knowing HIV test results should only be for those who were tested • MDG/UNGASS indicator is for women ages 15-24 • MDG/UNGASS indicator includes two most relevant misconceptions. These should be chosen before running the table. • Include question on sharing needles only where appropriate • Check ANC attendant categories in syntax
Table on misconceptions Not all misconceptions will be included in all surveys. Those questions that are excluded should be dropped from the table. The denominator of the columns includes all women, including those who have not heard of AIDS. Two most common or relevant misconceptions from among the 4 optıons shown ın the table should be moved to columns 1 and 2. Any other remaining misconceptions which are asked about should be included in columns 5 and 6. Column 3 concerning a healthy looking person having AIDS includes all who respond positively to question HA8 (HA8=1). The numerator for column 4 "Rejected two most common misconceptions and know a healthy looking person can be infected" includes all those who reject two most common misconceptions (so any two of the options HA3=2, HA5=2, HA7=2 or HA7A=1) and respond correctly that a healthy-looking person can be infected (HA8=1).
Table on comprehensive correct knowledge * MICS indicator 82; MDG indicator 19b * This table combines information from two previous tables. The numerator of the third column includes women who know the 2 ways to prevent HIV transmission (having one faithful unifected partner (HA2=1) and using a condom every time (HA4=1)) AND correctly identify 3 misconceptions about HIV transmission (rejecting the two most common misconceptions (two of HA3=2, HA5=2, HA7=2 or HA7A=1) and accepting that a healthy looking person can have AIDS (HA8=1)). All women are included in the denominator including those who have not heard of AIDS.
Table on HIV testing during antenatal care The numerator in column 1 is all women who received antenatal care for the last pregnancy (MN2 = A, B or C). * The numerator for column 2 is the number of women who received counselling during the last pregnancy in the two years preceding the survey (MN4=1). The numerator for column 3 is the number of women who received an HIV test during antental care (MN5=1). The numerator for column 4 is the number of women who received the results of an HIV test (MN6=1) during antenatal care for the last live birth in the two years preceding the survey.
Data on HIV knowledge from EAPRO and ROSA Note: this variable must be for all young women, not just ever married sample.
Data on HIV knowledge from MENA Note: this variable must be for all young women, not just ever married sample.
Sexual behaviour Additional module for inclusion in countries where heterosexual HIV transmission is common (includes MDG indicator 19a) Women’s questionnaire (ages 15-24)
Purpose • To measure behaviour among young people that puts them at increased risk to HIV infection • MDG and UNGASS indicators • Should be compared to data from most-at-risk populations
Indicators • Age at first sex • Numerator: Women 15-19 who had sex before age 15 (or sex before 18 among 20-24) • Denominator: Women 15-19 (or 20-24) • High risk sex in prior 12 months • Numerator: Women 15-24 who had sex with a non-marital, non-cohabiting partner in the prior 12 months • Denominator: Women 15-24 who had sex in prior 12 months
Indicators • Condom use at last high risk sex • Numerator: Women 15-24 who used a condom at last sex with a non-marital, non-cohabiting partner in prior 12 months • Denominator: Women 15-24 who had sex with a non-marital, non-cohabiting partner in prior 12 months • Age-mixing • Numerator: Women 15-24 who had sex in prior 12 months with a partner who was 10 or more years older than themselves • Denominator: Women 15-24 who had sex in prior 12 months
Methodological issues • Sex in prior 12 months is based on last two partners • Check denominators to ensure large enough sample size • Use sex before 18 (among women 20-24) in countries with extremely small numbers of women who have sex before age 15
Table HA.9 (part 1) ** MICS indicator 83; MDG indicator 19a The numerators and denominators are as follows: 1) Numerator - Women who have ever had sex (SB1<>0). Denominator - column 4 2) Numerator - Women who had sex in the last 12 months (SB1<>0 and SB2U<4). Denominator - column 4 3) Numerator - Women who had more than one partner SB6=1. Denominator - column 4 5) Numerator - Women who had sex in the last 12 months with a non-marital, non-cohabiting partner (SB4>1 or SB8>1). Denominator - column 6
Table HA.9 (part 2) 7) Numerator - Women who used a condom at last sex with a non-marital, non-cohabiting partner ((SB4>1 and SB3=1) or (SB4=1 and SB8>1 and SB7=1)). Denominator - column 8 Note: Check the sample sizes for each column to ensure that there are sufficient numbers of cases to calculate the indicator.
Sex before age 15 among women 15-19 and before age 18 among women 20-24 in Asia
