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AAC in the Intensive Care Unit and Acute Care. SLA G304 Kim Ho, PhD CCC-SLP. Overview. Hand back papers Review Seating and Positioning Review Literacy Quiz Lecture (Happ, Garrett, & Roesch, 2003) Three EBP presentations. Purpose and Features of ICU.
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AAC in the Intensive Care Unit and Acute Care SLA G304 Kim Ho, PhD CCC-SLP
Overview • Hand back papers • Review Seating and Positioning • Review Literacy • Quiz • Lecture (Happ, Garrett, & Roesch, 2003) • Three EBP presentations
Purpose and Features of ICU • Specialized unit to monitor vital functions • Immediate life-saving interventions • Critical condition - injury or major surgery • May not be able to see due to swelling • Low arousal level, unconsciousness, or coma • May be orally intubated - precludes speech • CVA and trauma two most common Dx
Features of the ICU Cont’d • Patient stay is typically short • AAC services must not interfere with medical care • Majority of patients are 41-65 years old • Communication is a medical necessity • Training is critical
Features of the ICU Cont’d • Systems change on a daily basis since patient may improve/deteriorate rapidly • Need to communicate more than medical needs; novel messages • Simpler the better Pt and staff
Lack of Speech with Critical Illness • Frightening • Reduces patient participation in care and decision-making • Impairs pain and symptom assessment
Nonvocal communication Techniques • Mouthing, words, gestures, writing, and head nods • May not be consistently able to use • Nurses do not typically receive training in maximizing their use
Dowden et al (1986a/b) • Successful use of AAC for 50 temporarily nonspeaking ICU patients • Prosthetic oral approaches rec’d • But demonstrated higher usage rates • Direct selection systems • Natural speaking approaches • Most common reasons for intervention failure • Decreasing cognition (51%) • Patient’s rejection (27%) • Decreasing motor control (20%)
Hemsley et al (2001) Communication boards were preferred over electronic devices by 4/5 ICU survivors
Voice banking (Costello, 2000) • SGD use with 43 patients, 2.8 to 44 years • Prior to surgery • Patients and family members recorded 30 to 40 vocabulary items under topic cues • Expressed general satisfaction with communication intervention • Did not report exhaustion, isolation, or fear related to the inability to speak in ICU
Barriers to widespread use of AAC in ICU (Happ, Garrett, & Roesch, 2003) • Patients’ physical/cognitive fluctuation or deterioration • Poor positioning • Physical restraint use • Discontinuity in communication partner(s) • Staff lack of knowledge • Access to AAC devices
ICU Communicative Interaction (Yorkston, 1992) • Wants and needs • most are met through daily routines of hospital • distinguish essential needs • Information transfer • Pt. Hx posted by bedside or in chart • Provide communication boards/notebook to answer evaluation questions • Provide AAC strategies to facilitate communication regarding family and business affairs
ICU Communicative Interaction Cont’d (Yorkston, 1992) • Social closeness • Family members and friends may find it difficult to communicate with Pt • Create remnant book • Social etiquette • Allow Pt. thank hospital staff, make courteous comments • Simple SGD
Acute Care • Acute Rehab: Hospital setting to regain functional skills • Trend is to receive patients much earlier after onset due to managed care • Issues with spontaneous recovery • Pt still changing rapidly so can’t treat indefinite long-term needs as inpatient