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The Progressive Era

Origins of Progressivism, Government Reform and Major Progressive Programs. The Progressive Era. 1895 - 1917. Origins of Progressivism. Industrialization Labor issues, corporate corruption Urbanization Poverty, disease, pollution, crime, overcrowding Immigration Nativism, racism.

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The Progressive Era

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  1. Origins of Progressivism, Government Reform and Major Progressive Programs The Progressive Era 1895 - 1917

  2. Origins of Progressivism • Industrialization • Labor issues, corporate corruption • Urbanization • Poverty, disease, pollution, crime, overcrowding • Immigration • Nativism, racism

  3. The next three Presidents of the United States would all become known as “PROGRESSIVES” as they attempted to address these issues!

  4. Who Were the Progressives? • Middle Class Americans • Doctors, lawyers, ministers, storekeepers • “White-collar” Americans • Bankers, management, office workers • * Belief that changes in society were needed and government was the proper agency to guide changes *

  5. The “Muckrakers” • Jacob Riis • “How the Other Half Lives” • Ida Tarbell • “History of Standard Oil” • Lincoln Steffens • “The Shame of the Cities” • Upton Sinclair • “The Jungle” * Muckrakers were journalists who exposed waste, corruption, and scandal in the highly influential new medium of national magazines *

  6. Reforming Government • The first step to changing society was to reform GOVERNMENT!!! • Get rid of PARTY BOSSES and POLITICAL MACHINES • “municipal reform” • Council-Manager * (Beavercreek!) • Bring government CLOSER TO THE PEOPLE (“popular sovereignty”) • “state reform” • Initiative, Referendum and Recall * • Direct Primary * (1903) “Fighting” Bob La Follette

  7. * Municipal/City Reform *

  8. * State Reform *

  9. * State Reform * * Fighting Bob! (Wisconsin) *

  10. Reforming Government • Progressives advocated methods for increasing voter participation… • “Australian” Ballot, 1910 • Direct election of Senators • 17th Amendment, 1913 Why all these reforms…

  11. …because PROGRESSIVES believed that the people would elect honest officials!

  12. Women’s Rights and Suffrage • U.S. Constitution, 1789 – leaves SUFFRAGE undefined! (all states except NJ) • 1848, Seneca Falls Convention* • Post Civil-War, Reconstruction • 37th – Nebraska, 1867 • 48th – Arizona, 1912 • 19th Amendment, 1919 • Western territories (WHY?) and Wyoming, 1869

  13. Reforming Education • By 1910, smaller cities began building high schools… • * rapid growth of the middle class, who were the grassroots supporters of progressive measures! * • * began passing compulsory schooling laws. * • John Dewey • Education – civil society and government

  14. Child Labor Laws • Urbanization/industrialization forced children to move from farms into factories! • John Spargo, The Bitter Cry of the Children • “Breaker Boys” in coal mines • * States passed minimum working ageand maximum working hourslaws! *

  15. Temperance and Prohibition • Many progressives believed that alcohol explained many of the social problems in the United States… • Temperance Movement –advocated for alcohol in moderation! • 18th Amendment, 1919 • Prohibition!

  16. Hillsboro, OH – 1874

  17. Anti-Saloon League, 1893 Oberlin, OH

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