Spoken Language difficulties:

1. Spoken Language difficulties: Listening and Speaking

2. Language • One of the greatest human achievements • Unique to human beings • Human have attained the most highly developed system of communication---speech • Provides a way of communicating and socializing with other people. • It is a vehicle of thought.

3. Understanding Language • Knowledge of language learning is critical when understanding learning disabilities and related mild disabilities • Language is essential for development, thinking, and human relationships; yet many aspects of language remains mysterious. • How is language acquired by the child? • What are the links between language, reading, and cognitive and social learning? • How does a language impairment affect learning?

4. Spoken Language, reading and Writing : An Integrated system • Language appears in several forms: • 1)spoken language (listening and speaking) • 2)reading • 3)writing • The interrelationships of spoken language, reading and writing serve to build the core of the language system. • What the child learns about the language system through oral language provides a knowledge base for reading and writing.

5. Language Difficulty • When a child exhibits language difficulty in one form, the underlying language deficits often reappears in other forms. • An example would be a child who has a language delay at 5 may have a reading disorder at age 8 and a writing disorder at 14.

6. Early Talking Experiences • Early experiences in listening and talking provide the foundation for reading and writing. • Through experience with oral language, children learn • Linguistic structures of language • Expand their vocabularies • Become familiar with different types of sentences.

7. Forms of the Language System • The acquisition of language skills follow a sequence of development: • 1)listening • 2)speaking • 3)reading • 4)writing

8. Language systems • Since oral skills of listening and speaking are developed first they are called the primary language system. • Reading and writing are considered the secondary language system because we are dealing with a symbol of a symbol • Listening and reading are input or receptive skills, feeding information into the central nervous system. • Speaking and writing are output or expressive skills in which ideas originate in the brain and are sent outward.

9. Relationship of the Four forms of Language

10. Language as a communication process • Language provides a way for people to communicate with one another. • Other Methods of communication • Gesturing • Using body language • Using sign language • The communication process between two people consists of sending a message and receiving a message.

11. Communication breakdown • An impairment could be in formulating the idea • In coding it into spoken and written language symbols • Remembering the sequences of previous speaking or writing • Understanding the communication process helps teachers deal with the communication problems of students with language disabilities.

12. Teaching language in the general education classroom • Many children in the general education classrooms have problems with spoken language. • Students with learning disabilities and related mild disabilities often have coexisting language difficulties.

13. How do Children acquire language? • Most children acquire language before they reach school age; they understand and respond to the language of others in a meaningful way. • Up to 8% of children exhibit deviations and delays in language development and require additional time to internalize language systems • Perspectives of how children learn language • Imitation and reinforcement • Innate Factors • Social Factors

14. Components of the Language systems • Phonology • Morphology • Syntax • Semantics • Pragmatics

15. Types of Language Problems • Language Disorders • Speech Disorders • Delayed Speech • Poor Phonological Awareness • Temporal Acoustical Processing • Rapid Automatized Naming (RAN) and Word Finding

16. Early literacy and oral language • Early literacy refers to the child’s early entrance into comprehensive world of words, language, books, poetry, and stories. • It is important to provide young children with a rich literary environment and helping children become aware of print, words, and the sounds of language, • Children with learning disabilities and related mild disabilities should be given an abundant and rich literature environment.

17. Assessing oral language • Informal Measures • Formal Tests

18. Teaching strategies for listening • Listening comprehension • Phonological awareness of language sounds • Understanding words and building a listening vocabulary • Understanding sentences • Listening comprehension • Critical listening • Listening to stories

19. Stages of oral language development • Babbling • Jargon • Single words • Two- and three- word sentence

20. Phonological Awareness of language sounds • Nonsense • Clapping names • Finding things: Initial phonemes • Take away a sound • Troll talk: Blending games • Nursery rhymes • Using visual cues to segment speech sounds