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The Eight Phases of Inflammation

The Eight Phases of Inflammation. The Eight Phases of Inflammation. Injury Utrastructural Changes Metabolic (Hypoxic) Changes Activation of Chemical Mediators Hemodynamic Changes Permeability Changes Leukocyte Migration Phagocytosis. Phases of Inflammation.

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The Eight Phases of Inflammation

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  1. The Eight Phases of Inflammation

  2. The Eight Phases of Inflammation • Injury • Utrastructural Changes • Metabolic (Hypoxic) Changes • Activation of Chemical Mediators • Hemodynamic Changes • Permeability Changes • Leukocyte Migration • Phagocytosis

  3. Phases of Inflammation • Injury - any event that impairs tissue structure • Trauma (most sports injuries) • macrotrauma (impact, contact) • microtrauma (overuse, friction)

  4. Phases of Inflammation • Ultrastructural Changes • disruption of the cell membrane • contents of cell spill into extracellular spaces • caused by • trauma • hypoxia

  5. Phases of Inflammation • Metabolic (Hypoxic) Changes • cells become deprived of oxygen (secondary hypoxic injury) • sodium pump fails • sodium increases in cell • cell membrane disruption • contents spill out

  6. Phases of Inflammation • Activation of Chemical Mediators • Chemical mediators (histamine, bradykinin) spill out of the cell • Chemical mediators • notify body that cells have been damaged • mobilize the body=s resources to handle the situation • modify and regulate the rest of the inflammatory response

  7. Phases of Inflammation • Hemodynamic Changes • arteries dilate enhancing blood flow • inactive capillaries and venules open • total blood flow increases, rate of flow decreases • leukocytes fall out of stream line and adhere to vessel wall

  8. Phases of Inflammation • Permeability Changes • sizable gaps develop in the vessel walls. • leukocytes escape to injury site

  9. Phases of Inflammation • Leukocyte Migration • leukocytes migrate in concentration-limited fashion • more chemical mediators, more leukocytes • 2 types of leukocytes • neutrophils • travel fast, arrive first • temporary first line of defense • live 7 hours • macrophages • second line of defense • live for months

  10. Phases of Inflammation • Phagocytosis • process of digesting cellular debris into pieces small enough to be removed by the lymph vessels.

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