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Biopsychosocial model of disease

Biopsychosocial model of disease. Human Disease: Three Models. Medical Model. Biopsychosocial Model. Epidemiological Model. Human Disease. Medical Model. Emphasis on medical treatment You’re either healthy or you’re not. Missing important dimensions of health

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Biopsychosocial model of disease

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  1. Biopsychosocial model of disease

  2. Human Disease: Three Models Medical Model Biopsychosocial Model Epidemiological Model Human Disease

  3. Medical Model • Emphasis on medical treatment • You’re either healthy or you’re not. • Missing important dimensions of health • Psychology and Social aspect are separate • Address disease but may not consider quality of life (QOL)

  4. OECD Health Data

  5. Source: CIA World Factbook, 2011

  6. Medical Model continued • By medical model standards…. • U.S. should have the best health and longest life expectancy. Picture source: onefoundation.org

  7. Epidemiological Model Host Environment Agent

  8. Problems with disease models Individuals Picture Source: google images

  9. Problems • Families Picture source: Google images

  10. Problems • Natural Disasters Picture Source: Google images

  11. Problems • Pollution Picture Source: Google images

  12. Problems • Poverty Picture source: Google images

  13. Problems Picture source: Google images

  14. Biopsychosocial Model • Health (and illness) are caused/influenced by many factors. • Mind and body are not separate • Relationships are significant to health • Health is on a continuum

  15. Implications • Consider biological, psychological, and social factors • Relationships are significant to health • Patient and doctor • Patient and family, friends, others • Keep people healthy rather than wait to treat them when they become ill.

  16. Challenges • Poverty as underlying issue • Lack of resources, education • Behavior and/or lifestyle • Misuse of antibiotics • Gaps in immunizations • Lack of access to healthcare • New diseases and re-emerging strains

  17. Biopsychosocial Model of Disease • Biology • Age, sex • Disease state • Genetics/heredity • Physical symptoms • Meds/drugs/addiction • Psychology • Attitudes/beliefs • Mood state • Behaviors • Religiosity/spirituality • Social • Support: formal/informal • Roles: work/family/peers • Physician-patient relationship • Socioeconomic status • Environment • School/work place • Church • Social norms / cultural norms • Community / Health services • Neighborhoods / National economy • Mass media • Policy / laws

  18. Example: Diabetes • Biology • Diabetes • No family history • Skin bumps, fuzzy vision, fatigue, burning feet, pruritis, erectile dysfunction • Agent Orange exposure • Psychology • “It’s always in the back of my mind” • Guilt: can’t work as much • Depression, stress • “I just miss eating junk” • Social • Marriage suffering • Doesn’t trust doctor (non-compliant) • Boss did not promote • Can’t play with grandkids • Environment • Healthcare at VA, has to travel • Diabetes class offered • Fast food everywhere; supersized portions • 2nd hand smoke triggers desire to smoke • Cultural norm – embarrassed by weight • Gov’t will not compensate for agent orange exposure

  19. Example: Fibromyalgia • Psychology • Depression • Information seeker • Difficult to get motivated • Uses stress management • Biology • Female • Fatigue • Joint stiffness • Tender points • Widespread aches • Social • Supportive friends/family members • However, husband is not very supportive • Work role is stressful • Teaches water aerobics • Environment • Good access to health care • Environment is conducive to exercise • She tries to surround herself with a healthy environment.

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