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Rock and Mineral Identification Guide

Explore the properties of minerals - color, lustre, streak, hardness, cleavage, and fracture - to identify common rocks and minerals. Engage in a hands-on lab activity to solve a mineralogist's mystery.

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Rock and Mineral Identification Guide

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  1. Grade 7 ScienceUnit 4: The Earth’s Crust Rocks and Minerals

  2. Mineral • A pure, naturally occurring inorganic solid. • There are hundreds of different minerals on our planet – many look alike.

  3. Properties of minerals • Color “ What color is the mineral? * Alone, color is NOT a reliable way to identify a mineral.

  4. Gold has a golden color. Which mineral is gold? Pyrite Gold

  5. Lustre “How shiny is the mineral? OR How is the light reflected from the mineral’s surface?”

  6. Terms describing Lustre… Dull: does not reflect light Chalk

  7. Glassy: Has a surface reflection like a piece of glass Calcite

  8. Metallic: looks like metal Silver

  9. Streak The powdered form of the mineral. “What color is left behind when you scratch a porcelain tile?”

  10. Hematite: comes in many colors but has a reddish streak always

  11. Hardness “How difficult is it to scratch a mineral?” The harder mineral will scratch the softer one. *Use Mohs Hardness Scale

  12. Refer to page 319 in text.

  13. Cleavage The tendency to split along smooth, flat surfaces called planes.

  14. Fracture Breaking with rough or jagged edges.

  15. Core Lab Activity 10-1C Pages 322(3) “A Mineralogist’s Mystery”

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