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Understanding Fatty Acids, Glycerides, and Steroids in Biochemistry

Learn about the structure and properties of fatty acids, glycerides, and steroids in biochemistry. Explore the hydrophobic and hydrophilic nature of these molecules and their roles in cellular function.

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Understanding Fatty Acids, Glycerides, and Steroids in Biochemistry

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  1. Fatty Acids Fatty acids have a long hydrocarbon chain with a carboxyl (acid) group Typical for of fatty acids :CH3 –(CH2)n –COOH 12<n<20

  2. Saturated- Unsaturated Fatty Acids

  3. Hydrophobic- Hydrophilic Groups The hydrocarbon tail is extremely hydrophobic and so is insoluble in water. In contrast, the carboxylic acid group is extremely hydrophilic.

  4. Common Fatty Acids

  5. Common Fatty Acids

  6. Fats • FAT consists of three- carbon backbone called glycerol attached to three fatty acids, which contain long hydrocarbon chains .

  7. Ester Bond Formation

  8. Phosphoglycerids Phospholglycerides are esters of only two fatty acids, phosphoric acid and a trifunctional alcohol - glycerol (IUPAC name is 1,2,3-propantriol). The fatty acids are attached to the glycerol at the 1 and 2 positions on glycerol through ester bonds.

  9. Phospholipids Phospholipids have a structure like a triglyceride,but contain a phosphate group in place of the third fatty acid. The phosphate group is polar and therefore capable of interacting with water molecules.

  10. STEROIDS Steroids have a backbone of 4 carbon rings. Cholesterol is the precursor of several other steroids, including several hormones.   It is also an important component of cell membranes.

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