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Databases

Learn about the physical and logical views of data, how data is organized in databases, key fields, batch processing vs real-time processing, different types of databases and structures, database management systems, strategic database uses, security concerns, and future possibilities.

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Databases

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  1. Databases Chapter 11

  2. Competencies (Page 1 of 2) • Distinguish between the physical and logical views of data. • Describe how data is organized: characters, fields, records, tables, and databases. • Define key fields and how they are used to integrate data in a database. • Define and compare batch processing and real-time processing.

  3. Competencies (Page 2 of 2) • Describe databases, including the need for databases and database management systems (DBMS). • Describe the five common database models: hierarchical, network, relational, multidimensional, and object-oriented. • Distinguish among individual, company, distributed, and commercial databases. • Discuss strategic database usesand security concerns.

  4. Introduction • Like a library, secondary storageis designed to store information • End users need to understand • How information is organized in fields, records, tables and databases • The different types of databasesand structures • Competent end users need to be able to find information that is stored in databases

  5. Data • Examples of data include • Facts or observations about people, places, things, and events • Audio, music, photographs, and video • Two ways to view data • Physical view • Logical view

  6. Data Organization • Character • Field • Record • Table • Database

  7. Key Field • Unique identifier also known as primary key • Common examples • Social Security Number • Student Identification Numbers • Employee Identification Numbers • Part Numbers • Inventory Numbers

  8. Batch Processing • Batch processing • Data is collected over a period of time and the processing happens later all at one time

  9. Real-Time Processing • Real-time processing • Also known as online processing because it happens immediately during the transaction

  10. Databases • Collection of integrated data • Logically related files and records • Databases address data redundancyand data integrity Advantages to having databases • Sharing • Security • Less data redundancy • Data integrity

  11. Database Management (Page 1 of 2) • Database Management System (DBMS) • DBMS engine • Data definition subsystem • Data dictionary / schema

  12. Database Management (Page 2 of 2) • Data manipulation subsystem • Query-by-example • Structured query language (SQL) • Application generation subsystem • Data administration subsystem • Database Administrators (DBAs) • Processing rights

  13. Database Uses and Issues • Strategic uses • Special type of databasecalled data warehouse • Data mining is used tosearch databases for information and patterns • Security • Databases are valuable • Protection necessary Security: electronic fingerprint scanner

  14. Careers In IT • Database administrators • Determine the most efficientways to organize and accessa company’s data • Responsible for database securityand backing up the system • Employers look for • Bachelors degree in Computer Science • Technical experience • Database administrators can expect to earn $67,000 to $98,000 annually

  15. A Look to the Future • Can criminal behavior be predicted ? • Research institutions have been looking into patterns that could predict criminal behavior • If patterns could be found . . . Just need to find individuals with these characteristics

  16. Open-Ended Questions (Page 1 of 2) • Describe the five logical data groups or categories. • What is the difference between batch processing and real-time processing? • Identify and define the five parts of DBMS programs.

  17. Open-Ended Questions (Page 2 of 2) • Describe each of the five common database models. • What are some of the benefits and limitations of databases? Why is security a concern?

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