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Korea’s Original Seon Temples and their Mountains: the Gusan-Seonmun

Explore the history and significance of Korea’s 9 original Seon temples and the mountains they are located in. Learn about the Master-Disciple lineage and the important role of Chinese Ch’an or Meditational Buddhism in Korean Zen Buddhism.

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Korea’s Original Seon Temples and their Mountains: the Gusan-Seonmun

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  1. Korea’s Original Seon Temples and their Mountains:the Gusan-Seonmun a Dharma-Talk for the International Seon Center of Dongguk University, Seoul June 28th, 2014 By ProfessorDavid A. Mason Department of Tourism Management, NamSeoul University

  2. 선불교 禪Seon BulgyoKorean Zen BuddhismKorean Ch’anor Meditational BuddhismMaster-Disciple Lineage is highly important

  3. Chinese Ch’anor Meditational BuddhismSakyanmuni Buddha (500 BCE) Maha-Kashyapa as 1st Indian Patriarch at the “Flower Sermon” 26 more Indian Patriarchs(claimed; no evidence) Bodhidharma as 28th Indian Patriarchand then 1st Chinese Patriarch

  4. BodhidharmaFounder of Chinese Ch’an

  5. Chinese Ch’anBodhidharma as 1st Chinese Patriarch Huìkě 慧可 487-593 as 2nd Patriarch

  6. Chinese Ch’anor Meditational Buddhism, or SeonBodhidharma as 1st Chinese Patriarch  Huìkě 慧可 487-593 as 2nd Patriarch 3.Sēngcàn, 4. Dàoxìn, 5. Hóngrěn Huìnéng 慧能 638-713 as 6th Patriarch

  7. Huìnéng 慧能 638-713the Sixth Patriarch of Ch’an

  8. Yukjo Huìnéng 六祖 慧能638-713the Sixth Patriarch of Ch’an First to leave a Ch’an scripture, the “Platform Sutra” Supremely important transmitter of Chan / Seon His skull supposedly enshrined in Jiri-san Ssanggye-sa The mountain that he taught at is “Jogye-san” in Korean

  9. Chinese Ch’anor Meditational BuddhismHuìnéng 慧能 (638-713) as 6th Patriarch Nányuè Huáiràng 南嶽懐譲677–744 Mǎzŭ Dàoyī 馬祖道一 Ma-tsu Kiangsi Tao-yi709–788 early Tang Dynasty

  10. Mǎzŭ Dàoyī 馬祖道一 Ma-tsu Kiangsi Tao-yieffectively the "8th Patriarch"His teaching style: "strange words and extraordinary actions”. Many Disciples, diverse lineage including Zhizang 735-814, Baizhang 百丈 749-814 and Línjì Yìxuán臨濟義玄 Lin-chi I-hsüan, Rinzai; died 866 CE

  11. 구산선문 the Gusan-Seonmun Korea’s 9 Original Zen Templesat the Seonjong Gusan9 Holy Zen-sect Mountains

  12. Jiri-san  Shilsang-saNorth Jeolla Province, Namwon CityGaji-san  Borim-saSouth Jeolla Province, Jangheung CountySagul-san  Gulsan-saji    Gangwon Province, Gangneung CityDongri-san  Tae-an-sa South Jeolla Province, Gokseong CountySeongju-san  Seongju-saji South Chungcheong Province, Boryeong CitySaja-san  Heungnyeong-saji  -- now  Beobheung-sa Jeokmyeol-bogung site;   Gangwon Province, Yeongwol CountyHuiyang-san  Bongam-sa North Gyeongsang Province, Mungyeong CityBongrim-san  Bongrim-saji South Gyeongsang Province, Changwon CitySumi-san  Gwangjo-saji Hwanghae Province (DPRK), Haeju City

  13. the Gusan-Seonmun구산선문Korea’s 9 Original Zen TemplesOne is in North Korea, 8 in the Republic of Korea.3 are in Jeolla Provinces (Honam Region),2 are in Gyeongsang Provinces (Yeongdong Region),2 are in Gangwon Province (1 east & 1 west)and 1 is on west coast of the Chungcheong Region.5 are West of the Baekdu-daegan Range, 4 are EastOnly stonework ruins such as pagodas are at Bongrim-san Bongrim-saji,Seongju-san Seongju-saji,  Sagul-san Gulsan-saji  & Sumi-san Gwangjo-saji.  The other sites still host flourishing monasteries where Seon-Bulgyo is enthusiastically taught and practiced by the Jogye Order.

  14. the Gusan-SeonmunKorea’s 9 Original Zen SectsThe initial transmission of Seon into Korea is usually attributed to Master Beomnang (法朗; fl. 632-646), said to be a student of the Chinese master Daoxin (道信; 580-651, the 4th Ch’an Patriarch).This was not very successful, however, and Beomnang’s teachings failed to flourish after his death (probably due to lack of royal / aristocratic support), although they may have influenced the philosophy of Great Master Wonhyo-daesa.

  15. the Gusan-SeonmunKorea’s 9 Original Zen SectsSeon-Bulgyo was later popularized in the latter part of the 8th Century and the early 9th Century, by Masters Sinhaeng (神行; 704-779)and then Do-ui (道義; d. 825).Doui-josa is regarded as its initial founder by the Jogye Order of Korean Buddhism, the unified national sect that inherited and perpetuated the legacies of the Gusan-Seonmun.Recorded legend says that at a meeting of Doui's disciples and other Seon-sect leaders in 826 (one year after Doui's passing) they first proclaimed their unity and first adopted the term Gusan-Seonmun for their school.

  16. the Gusan-SeonmunKorea’s 9 Original Zen SectsEight of these nine sects were of the lineage of Great Chan Master Mazu Daoyi ("8th Patriarch"), as they were established by monks who attained their inka certification-of-enlightenment directly from one of his eminent disciples or grand-disciples.

  17. Gaji-san  Borim-saSouth Jeolla Province, Jangheung County, Yuji-myeon District전남 장흥군 유치면의 가지산문 (迦智山門), 보림사The Gaji-san school was established at Borim-sa under the influence of Doui and his grand-student Chejing(體澄; 804-890).Doui studied in China under Zhizang (735-814) and Baizhang (百丈; 749-814).

  18. Gaji-san  Borim-sa

  19. Gaji-san  Borim-sa

  20. Dongri-san Tae-an-saSouth Jeolla Province, Gokseong County / Town, SE Jiri-san area전남 곡성군 곡성면의 동리산문 (桐裡山門), 대안사The Dongni-san school was founded by Hyejeol (慧徹; 785-861) who was a student of Zhizang (735-814).

  21. Dongri-san Tae-an-sa

  22. Bongrim-san Bongrim-sajiSouth Gyeongsang Province, Changwon City, Bongrim-dong District경남 창원시 봉림동의 봉림산문 (鳳林山門), 봉림사The Bongnim-san school was established by Weongam (圓鑑; 787-869) and his student Simhui (審希; fl. 9c). Weongam was a student of Zhangjing Huaihui (章敬懷暉; 748-835).

  23. Bongrim-san Bongrim-saji

  24. Modern “Bongrim-sa”

  25. Jiri-san Shilsang-saNorth Jeolla Province, Namwon City, Sannae-myeon District전북 남원군 산내면의 실상산문 (實相山門), 실상사The Silsang-san school was founded by Master Hongcheok (洪陟; fl. 830), who studied under Zhizang (735-814).

  26. Jiri-san  Shilsang-sa

  27. Saja-san Heungnyeong-saji(now Beobheung-sa, a Jeokmyeol-bogung site)Gangwon Province, Yeongwol County강원도 영월군 영주면의 사자산문 (獅子山門), 흥령사The Saja-san school was established by Doyun (道允; 797-868), student of Nanquan Puyan (南泉普願; 748-835).

  28. Saja-san Beopheung-sa 獅子山 法興寺 643

  29. Beopheung-sa Jeokmyeol-bogung法興寺 寂滅寶宮

  30. Saja-san Beopheung-sa Jeokmyeol-bogung

  31. Seongju-san Seongju-sajiSouth Chungcheong Province, Boryeong City, Seongju-myeon District충남 보령시 성주면의 성주산문 (聖住山門), 성주사The Seongju-san school was established by Muju Muyeom(無染; 800-888, a.k.a. Nanghye) who received his inga from Magu Baozhe (麻谷寶徹), a disciple of Mazu Daoyi.

  32. Seongju-sajiTemple-Site, Boryeong City

  33. Seongju-sajiTemple-Site, Boryeong City

  34. Seongju-sajiTemple-Site, Boryeong City

  35. Seongju-sajiTemple-Site, Boryeong City

  36. Seongju-sajiTemple-Site, Boryeong City

  37. Nanghye-hwasangBi-myeong朗慧和尙碑銘Memorial Stele to Outstanding Master Muju Muyeomof Seongju-sa, dated to 890, National Treasure #8

  38. Nanghye-hwasangBi-myeong朗慧和尙碑銘Memorial Stele to Outstanding Master Muju Muyeomof Seongju-sa, dated to 890, National Treasure #8

  39. Nanghye-hwasangBi-myeong朗慧和尙碑銘Memorial Stele to Outstanding Master Muju Muyeomof Seongju-sa, dated to 890, National Treasure #8

  40. Nanghye-hwasangBi-myeong朗慧和尙碑銘Memorial Stele to Outstanding Master Muju Muyeomof Seongju-sa, dated to 890, National Treasure #8

  41. That great stele was written by Go-un Choi Chi-won, who remains one of the world’s favorite figures of all Korea’s cultural history, displaying so many virtues & talents, and symbolizing many key themes. He exemplifies the spirit of the Shilla Kingdom’s waning days, and the incipient harmony among Buddhism, Confucianism and Daoism – becoming a general "culture hero" of Korean tradition.

  42. Sagul-san Gulsan-sajiGangwon Province, Gangneung City, Gujeong-myeon District강원도 강릉시 구정면의 사굴산문 (捨堀山門), 굴산사The Sagul-san school was established by Beom-il (梵日; 810-889), who studied in China with Yanguan Qian (鹽官齊安; 750-842) and Yueshan Weiyan (樂山惟嚴).

  43. Sagul-san Gulsan-saji

  44. Sagul-san Gulsan-saji

  45. Sagul-san Gulsan-saji

  46. Sagul-san Gulsan-saji

  47. Huiyang-san Bongam-saNorth Gyeongsang Province, Mungyeong City, Ga-eun-myeon District경북 문경시 가은면의 희양산문(曦陽山門), 봉암사The Huiyang-san school was founded by Beomnang and also by Chiseon Doheon (智詵道憲; 824-882), who was taught by a Korean teacher of the Mazu transmission.

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