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The NEMO Project: A Status Report

The NEMO Project: A Status Report. M.Taiuti on behalf of the NEMO Collaboration. Athens , Greece VLVNT09 Workshop October 13 - 15, 2009. Outline. Introduction The NEMO Collaboration Physics Motivations The NEMO Activities: The Site Characterization The NEMO Phase-1

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The NEMO Project: A Status Report

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  1. The NEMO Project: A Status Report M.Taiuti on behalfof the NEMO Collaboration Athens, Greece VLVNT09 Workshop October 13 - 15, 2009

  2. Outline • Introduction • The NEMO Collaboration • Physics Motivations • The NEMO Activities: • The Site Characterization • The NEMO Phase-1 • The NEMO Phase-2 • Conclusions and Perspectives

  3. The NEMO Collaboration INFN • Bari, Bologna, Catania, Genova, LNF, LNS, Napoli, Pisa, Roma • Universities • Bari, Bologna, Catania, Genova, Napoli, Pisa, Roma “La Sapienza” CNR • Istituto di Oceanografia Fisica, La Spezia • Istituto di Biologia del Mare, Venezia • Istituto Sperimentale Talassografico, Messina Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e Geofisica Sperimentale (OGS) Istituto Superiore delle Comunicazioni e delle Tecnologie dell’Informazione (ISCTI) The NEMO physicists actively participates to the ANTARES and KM3NeT programs Introduction – The NEMO Collaboration

  4. ANTARES Toulon 2400 m NEMO Capo Passero 3400 m NESTOR Pylos 4000 m A NorthernTelescopefor High Energy Neutrinos • The telescope will be complementary to ICECUBE • The small cross section and the expected low neutrino flux require • large volume telescope ~ 1 km3 • long observation time ~ yrs • The atmospheric muon background requires • a shielding > 2000 m water equivalent • The Mediterranean Sea provides convenient sites Introduction – Physics Motivations

  5. Sky View of a Mediterranean Sea Telescope 2p downward sensitivity assumed Located inMediterranean  visibilityof givensource canbe limitedto less than 24h per day NOT seen by ICECUBE > 25% > 75% Introduction – Physics Motivations

  6. Catania INFN-LNS Test Site North (TSN) Test Site South (TSS) 80 km The NEMO R&D Activity • Site location • More than 25 sea campaigns since 1998 • The NEMO Site • 80 km off-shore • 3500 m depth NEMO Site The NEMO Activities: The Site Characterization

  7. High water transparency Data compatible with pure salt water properties No seasonal variations Reduced background, mostly from 40K decay 10” PMT thres. 0.5 p.e. noise rate ~ 30 kHz Bioluminescence almost absent Geologically stable -3000 m The NEMO Site Properties ANTARES 1850-2250 m NEMO Site 2850-3250 m NEMO Site Test 3 ANTARES Test 3 Base line rate The NEMO Activities: The Site Characterization

  8. The NEMO Phase-1 Activity • The NEMO Phase-1 aimed at characterizing and validating technologies for a deep water neutrino detector • Mechanics • Fibre-glass containers pressure-compensated • A Detection Unit based on a Tower structure that is deployed packed and unfolds after the deployment • Data readout and transmission • Pulse shape analysis The NEMO Activities: The NEMO Phase-1

  9. Single armored cable 20.595 km North branch 5.220 km Double armored cable 2.330 km South branch 5.000 km Frame Junction Box Still operating in situ Tower Jumpers 300m Jumper 300m The NEMO Phase-1 Activity Geoseismic station SN-1 station (INGV) Operating since Jan 2005 BU Mini-Tower Fully operating starting from 16 Dec 2006 for 4 months During that period the Mini-Tower suffered a loss of buoyancy and an attenuation in signal transmission NEMO Phase-1 OnDE acoustic station Operating from Jan 2005 till Dec 2006 The NEMO Activities: The NEMO Phase-1

  10. Buoy br FCM FPM Floor 4 ADCP FPM FCM br Floor 3 C* br FCM FPM Floor 2 CTD FPM FCM br Floor 1 OM OM Tower Base H AB H TBM HC The NEMO Phase-1 Mini-Tower • 4 floors • Length 15 m • Vertical spacing 40 m • 16 Optical Modules with 10” PMT • Acoustic Positioning • 2 hydrophones per floor • 1 beacon on the tower base • Environmental instrumentation • 1 compass + tiltmeter in each Floor Control Module • CTD (Conductivity-Temperature-Depth) probe on floor 1 • C* (attenuation length meter) on floor 2 • ADCP (Acoustic Doppler Profiler (including compass) on floor 4 The NEMO Activities: The NEMO Phase-1

  11. -2000 m NEMO Phase-1 Results • Systematics over one month shows acceptable water properties already at 2000 m depth:  baseline rate  burst fraction evaluated as time above 1.2xbaseline • burst fraction evaluated as time above 200 kHz • The Mini-Tower can reconstruct atmospheric muon tracks! • The OM configuration with PMTs looking horizontally increases the atmospheric muon reconstruction efficiency • January 24 2007 • Run R17 file 1 • Event # 366059 • 13 PMT hit The NEMO Activities: The NEMO Phase-1

  12. Atmospheric Muon Angular Distribution Azimuth Zenith 23-24 January, 2007: LiveTime: 11.31 hours OnLine Trigger: ~6107 OffLine Trigger (7 seeds): 184709 Reconstructed tracks: 2260 Selected tracks: 965 Likelihood Distribution The NEMO Activities: The NEMO Phase-1

  13. Vertical Muon Intensity NEMO Phase-1 Vertical muon intensity as a function of depth from data recorded on 23-24 Jan, 2007 Compared with the relation from Bugaev et al, Phys. Rev. D58, 05401 (1998) Paper submitted to Astr.Phys. The NEMO Activities: The NEMO Phase-1

  14. NEMO Site 80 km to NEMO Site The NEMO Phase-2 • Infrastructures for the -3500 m underwater NEMO site • Electro-optical cable (50 kW – 20 fibres) • Deployed in July 2007 • DC/DC power converter (Medium Voltage Converter) (10kV to 400 V) • built by Alcatel • tested and working • At LNS for final integration • installation by end 2009 • Shore station in PortoPalodi Capo Passero • 1000 m2 building inside the harbour area of Portopalo • Renovation of first part of the laboratory completed • Test and validation of new technologies The NEMO Activities: The NEMO Phase-2

  15. The Medium Voltage Converter by Alcatel Single Board 2 subconverters Stack 8 subconverters 1 Control Board Assembled Converter • Internal Unit • Housed Unit The NEMO Activities: The NEMO Phase-2

  16. Test of the Medium Voltage Converter • August 2008 -- Test of MVC prototype at full load in “realistic” conditions • 100 km artificial line • 1 NEMO tower (16 power modules and backbone) • 18 equivalent towers • Interconnecting cables • August 2008 - July 2009 -- Development of further prototypes and production and FAT of the final 2 NEMO MVCs • July 2009 -- Test of final MVC after FAT at full load in “realistic” conditions • 100 km artificial line • 1 NEMO tower (16 power modules and backbone) • 18 equivalent towers (input filter, 600W DC/DC and resistive load) • 1 ANTARES mini-line (4 power modules) • Long interconnecting cables The NEMO Activities: The NEMO Phase-2

  17. The July2009 Test • Factory Acceptance Test of NEMO MVC n°1 and 2 (test performed prior shipping) • Operational Test offinal NEMO MVC with: • 100 km artificial line • 1 NEMO tower (16 power modules and backbone) • 18 equivalent towers (input filter, 600W DC/DC and resistive load) • 1 ANTARES mini-line (4 power modules) • Long interconnecting cables • The system works properly without oscillations See R.Cocimano talk The NEMO Activities: The NEMO Phase-2

  18. SW3 ANTARES STRING The July 2009 Test Layout The NEMO Activities: The NEMO Phase-2

  19. Vout MVC Iout MVC Vin Tower Vin Line 375 V 0 V The NEMO Activities: The NEMO Phase-2

  20. Summaryofthe MVC Activity • Tests have been successfully completed • The deployment procedure has been tested • The MVC has been assembled in the frame • The deployment is scheduled by end of 2009 The NEMO Activities: The NEMO Phase-2

  21. The Shore Station The NEMO Activities: The NEMO Phase-2

  22. Test and Validation of New Technologies • A ROV (PEGASO) dedicated to marine operation in the NEMO Site • A mechanical test of a realistic tower (12 floors) • A test of functionality of the ANTARES Mini-line in deep water The NEMO Activities: The NEMO Phase-2

  23. The ROV PEGASO • The wrong assemblingofan o-ring caused a leakage of the oil used in the compensation system and the implosion of a hose hosting the 3kV power supply wires during the first immersion • PEGASO has been repaired by the SeaEye company and shipped back to Catania • It will be available for the next deployment The NEMO Activities: The NEMO Phase-2

  24. The Tower The NEMO Activities: The NEMO Phase-2

  25. The Tower • A failure of the tower boom release system, prevented the deployment of the tower on the seabed and the successive planned operations of tower unfurling • The tower has been rescued and the problem investigated and solved on-shore • The tower is presently ready for a new deployment The NEMO Activities: The NEMO Phase-2

  26. The ANTARES Mini-line • This is a joint activity of the ANTARES and NEMO Collaborations • Comparison in the same environmental conditions of the two presently available detector designs with respect to: • response to the external solicitations (sea current) • sea operations and ROV connections • bioluminescence stimulated by the structure • Continuous monitoring of the NEMO Site (~1 year) with a similar apparatus used in ANTARES The NEMO Activities: The NEMO Phase-2

  27. The ANTARES Mini-line • Configuration: • 3 storeys with 2 PMTs • spaced 100m • Anchor (BSS) • top buoy • New R&D to adapt the line to 3500m depth • New electro optical water tight penetrator from Seaproof • New design of the connection of the line (from 2 short jumpers + 1 interlink to 1 long jumper) • Fuse box in the long jumper to protect DC/DC against shorts in the line • Assembled in CCPM and presently in Catania ready for deployment by end 2009 The NEMO Activities: The NEMO Phase-2

  28. Conclusions and Perspectives • The NEMO Collaboration is working on a long-term R&D program toward a km3-telescope in the Mediterranean Sea • An optimal candidate site has been found: the NEMO Site • The NEMO Phase-1, aiming to validate the proposed technologies, has been successfully conducted at the Catania Test Site • Since Jan. 2005 the geoseismic and acoustic stations are fully operative • The Junction Box and the mini-Tower has been deployed at the end of 2006 • The Junction Box is still operating • Atmospheric muons have been successfully reconstructed and the measured flux agrees with previous measurements and models • The NEMO Phase-2, aiming to realize the deep sea station at the NEMO Site, is in progress • The deployment of the electro-optical cable has been done in 2007 • The set-up of the onshore station is almost completed • The deployment of the DC/DC converter is scheduled by end of 2009 • The test of new technologies is in progress AND… Conclusions and Perspectives

  29. Toward the -Telescope • EU funded the joint activity for a European-scale Design Study for a km3-telescope in the Mediterranean Sea • KM3NeT: ANTARES-NEMO-NESTOR consortium http://www.km3net.org/ • KM3NeT identified three possible Detection Unit configurations (NuONE, Seawiet and MEDUSA) • A prototype of NuONE will be built and tested at the NEMO Site Conclusions and Perspectives

  30. SJB MEOC PJB NuONE • NuONE design: • towers • Bar-storey 6 m length (6PMT/floor 8 inch 35% QE) • 20 bars/tower • Proposed number of towers 127 • Hexagonal lay-out • The NuONE tower is lighter than present NEMO tower with a drag 3 times smaller Conclusions and Perspectives

  31. Sea Operation with NuONE and PEGASO • The PEGASO shuttle can drive the buoy thus regulating the unfurling speed PEGASO in lifter configuration controlling the Tower unfolding procedure PEGASO with DSS in supporting configuration for the ROV Conclusions and Perspectives

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