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Antigen - antobody. Antibody production. Pathogen is in the blood Macrophages recognise and capture pathogens Macrophages present their antigens to helper T-cell lymphocytes Helper T-cell lymphocytes stimulate the appropriate B-cells Activated B cells differenciate into plasma cells
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Antibody production • Pathogen is in the blood • Macrophages recognise and capture pathogens • Macrophages present their antigens to helper T-cell lymphocytes • Helper T-cell lymphocytes stimulate the appropriate B-cells • Activated B cells differenciate into plasma cells • These plasma cells secretes clones of antibodies into blood • When mission completed helper T cells, B cells, plasma cells, cytotoxic T cells die
Why Monoclonal antibodies? • Antibodies are specific in their binding with antigens. • Developing specific antibodies would be useful in fighting particular diseases, diagnosing infections and identifying molecules with antigenic properties wherever they occur.