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Diabetes

Diabetes. Diabetes is a metabolic disease in which high blood glucose levels result from defective insulin secretion, insulin action or both. There are 3 types of diabetes; all of these types involve the body’s insulin supply not effectively metabolising blood glucose levels

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Diabetes

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  1. Diabetes Diabetes is a metabolic disease in which high blood glucose levels result from defective insulin secretion, insulin action or both

  2. There are 3 types of diabetes; all of these types involve the body’s insulin supply not effectively metabolising blood glucoselevels • High blood sugar levels can cause damage to organs – the kidneys and eyes are common

  3. Types • Type 1 diabetes • Type 2 diabetes • Gestational diabetes • “Diabetes” refers to all types

  4. Type 1 Diabetes (mellitus) • Accounts for 10-15% of all people with diabetes (0.2-0.3% of Australians) • Commonly referred to as “insulin dependant” • There is no cure • Most new cases occur in those under 15 years of age

  5. Type 2 • Accounts for 85-90% of all people with diabetes (7% of Australians aged 25+) • Caused by a decrease in insulin production and/or the body’s inability of use • Associated with being overweight • Usually managed with a healthy diet, weight control and exercise • The number of cases under people aged under 45 years is increasing

  6. Gestational Diabetes • Occurs during pregnancy in some women due to hormonal changes that block the actoin of the mother’s insulin • Usually goes away after birth • Carries health risks for the infant • The mother is more prone to developing diabetes later on in life

  7. Why was Diabetes made a NHPA? • The impact it has on the community and the potential for improved health outcomes • Contributes significantly to ill health, disability and premature death • Increased risk of complications – kidney disease, coronary heart disease and other causes of mortality & morbidity • 5th leading underlying cause of death for males, 7th for females • 5th most frequent problem GP’s managed in 2005-6 • 901 new cases diagnosed in children in 2005

  8. Costs • Indirect costs include unpaid care, reduced or lost productivity and absenteeism • Direct costs include GP time, tests, specialists, emergency attendance, hospital services, ambulance • Intangible costs to the individual may include the embarrassment of not being able to indulge as others do, repeatedly injecting themselves, self pity, loss of time/quality of life, stress, anxiety etc

  9. Risk factors • Biological – genetics, age, body weight • Behavioural – lack of physical activity, diet • Little is known about type 1 diabetes other than it is triggered by environmental factors that cause the immune system to stop producing insulin in genetically predisposed people

  10. Health promotion strategies • The National Diabetes Action Program (NDAP) is Diabetes Australia’s national awareness and prevention initiative • https://www.diabetesaustralia.com.au/About-Diabetes-Australia/What-Diabetes-Australia-Does/Raising-Awareness/ • They raise community awareness

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