Essential Question(s)

1. Essential Question(s) • How did the second phase of the War of 1812 play out & what were the effects?

2. War of 1812: Phase Two Chapter 10 Section 3 (Pt III)

3. The Second Phase • Phase two of the War of 1812 began after the British defeated Napoleon in April 1814 • Britain’s full army & navy were now free to focus upon the conflict in the U.S. • In Aug. 1814, President Madison & others were forced to flee D.C. as British forces approached • Madison’s wife, Dolley, was able to save several important items from the White House b/f fleeing • This was important b/c, upon arrival in D.C., the British burned the White House • This action was meant to intimidate the Americans, but actually served to galvanize the American war effort.

4. Fort McHenry • After burning the WH, the British marched north to Baltimore’s Ft. McHenry • Ft. McHenry served as a gateway to the large NE pop. centers of Philadelphia, NYC, & Boston • While negotiating the release of U.S. POW’s, a lawyer named Francis Scott Key witnessed the battle • After watching the all-night battle, Key wrote a poem recounting the events • “The Star-Spangled Banner” eventually became the American national anthem • Along w/ another failed offensive on Lake Champlain, the British defeat at Ft. McHenry permanently halted their advance

5. Bombardment

6. The Battle of New Orleans • Soon after Ft. McHenry, the British moved against the port city of New Orleans, LA • Dozens of British ships ferried 7,500 troops to NO • Defending the city were patchwork U.S. forces led by Gen. Andrew Jackson • Jackson had a combination of U.S. army regulars, state militiamen, Africans, and Natives

7. Peace Treaty…Then a Battle? • The British attacked Jackson on Jan. 8, 1815 • U.S. rifleman, protected by well-built earthworks destroyed wave after wave of advancing British • By the end of the Battle of New Orleans, the U.S. had won a staggering victory • British casualties = 2,000 • U.S. casualties = 71 (only 13 deaths!!) • Even more amazing, two weeks prior to the battle, U.S. and British diplomats had signed the Treaty of Ghent, which had ended the war • Word had not reached NO fast enough, which led the battle to take place even though the war had already officially ended!

8. Summary/Test Question • Which was NOT true about the Battle of New Orleans? • The battle was a great victory for the U.S. forces • It convinced the British to sign a peace treaty with the U.S. • The battle made General Andrew Jackson a national hero • The battle was fought a full two weeks after the war was officially over

9. Legacy of the War • The Treaty of Ghent showed that the war had no clear winner • No land was gained/lost • Trade disputed remained unresolved • Despite these setbacks, some important consequences for the U.S. did happen • 1st - A new set of American heroes/leaders emerged • Andrew Jackson • Oliver Hazard Perry • William Henry Harrison • 2nd - Native strength in the west was crippled • Native resistance weakened, allowing for increased expansion • 3rd - Interrupted trade forced the U.S. to make their own goods • This greatly encouraged the growth of American manufacturing

10. Summary/Test Question • Which of the following was NOT a result of the War of 1812? • It greatly increased American patriotism • It encouraged widespread British settlement in the Northwest • It weakened Native American resistance, allowing for easier U.S. expansion • It led to increased U.S. manufacturing