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Networks

Networks. Year 12 Unit 1. Lesson objectives. To understand and define What is a network? LANs and WANs The Internet, Intranet and Extranet Network Hardware and Software Networks and standalone computers . What is a network?.

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Networks

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  1. Networks Year 12 Unit 1

  2. Lesson objectives To understand and define • What is a network? • LANs and WANs • The Internet, Intranet and Extranet • Network Hardware and Software • Networks and standalone computers

  3. What is a network? • A group of ICT devices which are able to communicate with each other. They may be able to communicate via a wired or wireless connection.

  4. What is a LAN? • A LAN or local area network is generally confined to a single building or site • The organisation running a LAN owns all the equipment that links the terminals (Computers)

  5. What is a WAN? • A WAN or wide area network spans over a wide geographical area, including multiple buildings and sites • Third party telecommunications equipment is used, i.e. Telephone, radio and satellite communications are needed which are supplied by third party companies such as BT.

  6. What is an Intranet? • An intranet is a private network that uses the same technology as the internet used for sending messages around a network. • Its main use is to share resources and organisational information

  7. What is an Extranet? • An Extranet allows customers, suppliers as well as employees of an organisation to access information. • They are protected by usernames and passwords. • This is usually accessed through the internet.

  8. What is the Internet? • The internet is a network of networks enabling people to exchange information and share data.

  9. Internet Advantages and disadvantages

  10. Methods of communication • Instant messaging • Video conferencing • Cheap phone calls • Chat rooms • Email

  11. Email • Electronic email sent from one communication device to another.

  12. Email services

  13. Email advantages and disadvantages

  14. File Transfer Protocol • FTP is a standard set of rules that have been established to allow the exchange of (large) files over the internet. • FTP is not limited to file sizes unlike email attachments • Allows reliable transfer of files between platforms Uses: • Can be used for uploading a database of sales from one branch of an organisation to the head office • Can be used to download/upload a website from/onto the internet/server

  15. Newsgroups • Where data is stored in the form of messages from different users at different locations. • Usually a discussion group where people can post and reply

  16. Chat rooms • Allow users to conduct real time on-line conversations with others • Usually offered by a social network • Can include images, audio and video

  17. Online Shopping • Discuss

  18. Search Engines • An internet tool which will search the internet sites containing key words/key phrases.

  19. Basic elements of an ICT Network • Communication Devices • Networking Software • Data Transfer Media • Standards and Procedures

  20. Communication Devices • Pieces of hardware that are needed to turn stand-alone computers into networking computers. • Hardware includes: • Network Interface cards (NIC) • Hub • Switches • Routers

  21. Network interface card • A NIC is a card containing circuitry and a socket. The socket allows a connection between computer and card. The NIC: • Prepares and converts data for sending over a network • Sends the data • Controls the flow of data from the Computer terminal to the transmission medium/device

  22. Hub • A hub joins computers in a network so that they are able to share files and an internet connection

  23. Switches • Like a hub they connect Computers in a network, however switches are able to inspect packets of data so that they are forwarded appropriately. • Switches can therefore reduce the amount of data on the network, hence speeding the network up.

  24. Router • Routers join several wired or wireless networks together. • Routers usually include hardware and software which often act as a gateway so that small home computer networks can be connected to the internet using a single connection.

  25. Networking software • Network software tells the connected devices of a network how to communicate with each other. There are two types of Network software: • Network Operating Systems Software • Network Management Software

  26. Network Operating Systems Software • Large networks require specialist operating systems software. This is because they are more complex and need to coordinate the activities of all the Computers and other devices connected on the network. • Examples of NOSS are: • UNIX • Linux • Novell Netware (School use this)

  27. Network Management Software • Network management software allows the Network Manager (Mr Harries for example) to keep all the computers in a large network running. They provide the following tasks that could be used by the Network Manager. • Automated software updates with the latest security patches – so hackers can’t access the network • Keeps track of all the software being run on each computer – checks to make sure there are software licenses being used.

  28. Network Management Software cont… • Provides a remote control facility so that help-desk staff can sort out any problems – allows the user to take control/see what is happening on a user’s screen • Checks the bandwidth (data transfer rate) is being used correctly – ensures network is being used correctly • Check to see if a user has installed non-licensed software without permission – GOOGLE CHROME… • Checks computers hardware – helps identify those computers due an upgrade • Provides an Audit trail – a log of everything a user does.

  29. Data Transfer Media • Data transfer media is the material which allows data to travel from one computer/device to another. • For small simple networks this is usually wire (more expensive), but many networks are now implemented wirelessly. • The main forms of data transfer media are: • Metal wires • Fibre optic cable • Wireless

  30. Metal wires • Offer a high transmission speed but need to be installed which can be expensive.

  31. Fibre Optic Cable • Data being passed is encoded as pulses of light and passed through a very thin glass fibre

  32. Wireless • Many computers now communicate wirelessly, this is when the data transfer medium is the air through which radio waves travel. • Wireless enables people on the move to work anywhere they can get a radio signal for their network. • A WIFI hotspot is a public area where a person can connect their device to a wireless network.

  33. To set up a wifi network you need: • A broadband connection to the internet • A router • A Wifi enabled device i.e. PC, Laptop, Smartphone

  34. How Wifi works • The router is connected to the internet via a high speed broadband connection • The router receives data from the internet • It transmits the data as a radio signal using an antenna • The computer’s wireless adapter picks up a signal and turns the radio signal into data that the computer can understand

  35. Advantages and disadvantages

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