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Tourism

Tourism. Tourist Definition Review Borders and Tourism Types of Tourism International Tourism Internal Tourism Domestic Tourism National Tourism. Tourist. At least 100 miles from point A At least a 24 stay at point B Tourist must return to point A within 365 days. Tourist.

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Tourism

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  1. Tourism • Tourist Definition Review • Borders and Tourism • Types of Tourism • International Tourism • Internal Tourism • Domestic Tourism • National Tourism

  2. Tourist • At least 100 miles from point A • At least a 24 stay at point B • Tourist must return to point A within 365 days

  3. Tourist • Tourists can also be identified by having crossed some “border” or “threshold”

  4. Border • Political • Social/Economic • Temporal • Topographical/Geographical • Mental/State of Mind • Artificial

  5. Political Border • At a political border, there is potentially a chance for a dramatic change in: • Language • Religion • Culture • Money • Gender status • Dress

  6. Social Border • Because crossing a border can delineate tourism, it has often given rise to the notion of local residents being tourists in (ethnic) neighborhoods that are distinctly different than their own

  7. Watts (Los Angels) • Simon Rodia (1921-1955)

  8. Chinatown (DC) • Gate clearly defines border

  9. Temporal • Borders can be created by altering the perception of time between two places • Historic attractions and heritage tourism attractions often create this time-related border

  10. Colonial Williamsburg • Temporal borders can be enforced through: • Architecture • Costuming (Clothing) • Language (dialects, accents) • Technology/Artifacts • Reenactments of skills or customs • Events • Signage • Music

  11. Colonial Williamsburg

  12. Colonial Williamsburg • Colonial Williamsburg has extended the concept of a temporal border with the “Historic Triangle” • In this way, several historic attractions are grouped together to create a looser border that gives that part of southern Virginia a special significance

  13. Historic Triangle

  14. Concept Connections… • Remember the idea of “characters” from the Peterson article on Historic Tourism • From chapter two of the MacCannell, the concept of enshrinement relates to creating a border around an attraction

  15. Topo/Geo • Physical characteristics can be borders just as cultural characteristics can • Mountains, rivers, canyons, deserts, oceans, jungles, etc., have divided people historically • Even without a political boundary, someone from “the valley” or called a “snowbird” can help distinguish them as a tourist

  16. Artificial Borders • Not all borders are real • An attraction can enhance cultural or temporal borders so that they become artificial (the online article on Santa Fe alluded to this)

  17. Artificial • In addition, attractions that have no real distinction culturally or temporally, can completely create false borders (that may rely on time, topography or physical boundaries)

  18. Disneyland surrounds itself with a 20 ft high berm as a physical border • Within Disneyland there are several artificial temporal and geographic borders

  19. Disneyland • Within its borders, Disneyland created a certain “culture” that now precedes a visit to the park – people (both employees and visitors) behave a certain way within the park that is often different than how they would function outside of it • The artificial border has over time become almost a real one

  20. Museums • Museums have increasingly gone to creating displays based on simulated geographic regions and time periods – it’s not enough any more to simply display artifact and art • One of the major areas of research on museums focuses on the “theme-parking” of museums in order to attract more middle class visitors

  21. Mental/State of Mind • Environmental attractions often encourage a particular state of mind when visiting • This helps preserve the environment • Signage (and possibly guides) are used to reinforce positive behavior

  22. WTO Tourism • The World Tourism Organization has taken the concept of tourism beyond the stereotypical image of “holiday-making” • The WTO defines four distinct types of tourism

  23. International Tourism • International tourism is made up of two components: • Inbound tourism : visits to a country by nonresidents • Outbound tourism: visits by residents of a country to another country (or other countries)

  24. Internal Tourism • Visits of residents of a country to their own country (or visits of residents of a state to their own state)

  25. Domestic Tourism • This is made up of internal tourism plus inbound tourism

  26. National Tourism • This is made up of internal tourism plus outbound tourism

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