World War II

1. World War II

2. Vocabulary • Internment Camp • Marshall Plan • Neutral • Prohibit • Totalitarian • War Crime • Atomic Bomb • Bond • Conventional • Communism • D-Day • Fascism • Holocaust

3. Causes of WWII • Treaty of Versailles • Harshly punished Germany • The Great Depression • Nationalism • Rise of Dictators

4. Change in Leadership • Italy– Benito Mussolini over threw the government in 1922 • Became a Dictator • Planned Italian expansion • Based on Fascism • Needs of the nation above individual rights & freedoms • Link

5. Change in Leadership • Russia– Communist party formed the USSR in 1922. • Communism – an economic system based on the idea that farms and businesses should be owned by the workers who do the labor – no bosses. • Joseph Stalin becomes the Dictator.

6. Stalin in Russia • Communist party controls all aspects of the government, economy, and society. • Stalin establishes a totalitarian state. • Totalitarian – a governing system in which the ruler controls all aspects of society and maintains power with the use of terror • Link

7. Change in Leadership • Germany– Great Depression hit hard • Banks closed • Industry production cut in half • Farmers lost their farms • Food shortages • Adolf Hitler stirs up Germany Nationalism

8. Hitler in Germany • Create a powerful Germany - Link • Expand German territory • Believed that ethnic Germans were superior to other people • “Master Race” • Denied rights to non-Germans – especially Jews • 1933 – Nazi’s control German Government

9. Hitler in Germany • Hitler creates a government based on Fascism • Needs of the nation above individual rights & freedoms • Hitler establishes a totalitarian state • Totalitarian – a governing system in which the ruler controls all aspects of society and maintains power with the use of terror • All other political parties are banned

10. Change in Leadership • Japan– Military leaders sought to control the government and expand Japan’s territories. • Invaded China • Gained raw materials for production

11. European Expansion • Italy – used military might to invade East Africa (Ethiopia) • Germany sent troops to the Rhineland (This was Prohibited by the Treaty of Versailles) - Link • Prohibit – forbidden by authority, such as a law or treaty • Germany takes Austria and Czechoslovakia

12. Response to German Aggression • France and Great Britain – do not enforce the Treaty of Versailles • Do not want war • Germany invades Poland – Sept 1, 1939 – WWII Begins - Link • France and Britain declare war. • United States remained Neutral • Neutral – not supporting either side of war

13. Timeline – Take it out

14. The United States Enters the War The Lend-Lease Act – The U.S. would provide nearly $50 Billion in war supplies to Britain, Russia and other to fight Germany and Japan

15. The United States Enters the War December 7, 1941 – Japan attacks Pearl Harbor The U.S. Declares War on Japan.Germany declares war on the U.S.

16. War in Europe • Germany, Italy and Japan formed the “Axis Powers” • The U.S. focused on Germany at the start of the war. • Battle of Stalingrad – Russians defeated the Germans – This was a turning point in the war.

17. War in the Pacific • Battle of Midway – 1942, the US turned away the Japanese fleet. This was turning point in the Pacific.

18. War in Europe • D-Day – June 6, 1944 – the Allied invasion of German occupied friends

19. Island Hopping in the Pacific • The U.S. begins its offensive in the Pacific in August 1942 at Guadalcanal.

20. The remainder of the War in Europe • Big Three meet in Yalta to divide Germany • Allies capture Berlin – Germany Surrenders • Nuremburg Trials – 22 Nazi leaders on trial for War Crimes • War Crimes – breaking internationally accepted practices related to fighting wars

21. The remainder of the Pacific War • Battle for Iwo Jima • U.S. drops the Atomic Bomb • Atomic Bomb – a powerful weapon who is violent energy comes from splitting and Atom • Japanese leaders on trial for war crimes against humanity

22. The Holocaust • The Nazi persecution and murder of Jews and other minority groups • This is a specific event

23. The Holocaust 2. State sponsored, systematic persecution and annihilation of European Jewry by Nazi Germany between 1933-1945

24. The Holocaust • Others groups persecuted: • Handicapped • Poles • others

25. The Holocaust • Why did it happen? • Nazi belief of superiority: • “inferior races” seen as a threat that needed to be exterminated

26. The Holocaust • Why did it happen (cont…)? • Jews were blamed for: • The poor economy • WWI • Spread of Communism

27. The Holocaust • How did it happen (cont…) • 1933 – • Nuremberg Laws passed making Jews second class citizens

28. The Holocaust • How did it happen (cont…) • Defined Jews not by religion, but by the religious affiliation of their grandparents.

29. The Holocaust • How did it happen (cont…) • Jews could not: • Attend public school • Own property • Marry non-Jews

30. The Holocaust • How did it happen (cont…) • Germany instituted an involuntary sterilization program • German looking children were taken and raised by German parents

31. The Holocaust • How did it happen (cont…) • Development of Concentration Camps: • Work camps • Death Camps

32. The Holocaust • How did it happen (cont…) • 1939 – • Destroyed Polish Culture • Killed Polish Leaders

33. The Holocaust • How did it happen (cont…) • 1941 – • Mobile killing units (used in Russia)– “Einsatzgruppen”

34. The Holocaust • How did it happen (cont…) • Following the invasion of Poland – 400 new Ghettos were set up for Jews • 3 million Polish Jews segregated

35. The Holocaust • How did it happen (cont…) • 1942-1944 • Elimination of Ghettos • Creation of extermination camps (gassing facilities)

36. The Holocaust How did it happen (cont…) 6 killing sites: • Elzec • Sobibor • Treblinka 4.Chelmno 5.Majdanek 6.Auschwitz-Birkenau

37. The Holocaust How did it happen (cont…) Killing Centers were run by the SS (Germany’s Security Police) More than 1.25 million killed at Auschwitz-Birkenau

38. The Holocaust • How did it happen (cont…) • Men and women were separated at arrival • Jews were led to “the showers” – gas chambers • ZyKlon B

39. How did World War II change the United States? • Life on the War Front • More than 5 million volunteered for military duty (10 million more were drafted) • 3 months of “basic training” to be battle-ready GI’s (Government Issue) • More than half were sent overseas

40. How did World War II change the United States? • Life on the War Front cont… • Soldiers in Combat • Ate canned and dried foods • No beds, toilet paper or showers • Lived outside a lot (cold night/hot days)

41. How did World War II change the United States? • Life on the War Front cont… • Soldiers in Combat (292,000 Americans Died in WWII) • Loud and scary • Death everywhere • Did their job under terrible circumstances • Motivated by patriotism and buddies

42. How did World War II change the United States? • Wartime Government • U.S. Government changed the U.S. into what President Franklin D. Roosevelt called the “arsenal of democracy” • War Productions Board • Transformed American factories into making war supplies • Banned production of “nonessential goods

43. How did World War II change the United States? • Wartime Government • Supporting the war effort • The War cost a lot of money • U.S. government borrowed from banks, businesses, and individuals • Millions of Americans bought “War Bonds” • A certificate that pays interest

44. How did World War II change the United States? • Wartime Consumers: “Use it up, wear it out, make it do, or do without” • Rationing system – limiting the amount of scarce items that any one individual could buy (Sugar, Meat, Butter, Coffee, Gas) Listen • Meat was used to feed soldiers • Sugarcane was needed to make gunpowder • Coffee from SA was transported on ships better used in battle

45. How did World War II change the United States? • Wartime Consumers: “Use it up, wear it out, make it do, or do without” • Victory Gardens – backyard gardens producing one-third of all vegetables in the U.S. • Pocketless pants – To save fabric for the war effort, pants were made without pockets

46. How did World War II change the United States? • Women in WWII • 6 Million women went to work in factories • Employers worried that women were not strong enough for factory work. • Women proved they could do most any job. • Women were paid 60% of what men were paid • Most women were fired when the war ended

47. How did World War II change the United States? • Japanese Americans and the War • After Japan bombed Pearl Harbor, many citizens were suspicious of Japanese-Americans • People worried that Japanese-Americans might help Japan attack the west coast –CA • FDR ordered the removal of J-A from the west coast - 1942 • 120,000 J-A were forced into “Interment camps” (prison) for three years

48. How did World War II change the United States? • Japanese Americans and the War • Japanese-Americans lived in crowed camps • No running water • Barbed wire and armed guards

49. How did World War II change the United States? • African Americans and the War • 900,000 African Americans served in the military during WWII • Segregated units - Many assigned noncombat jobs • Cooks, truck drivers, etc… • In combat • Fighter pilots – Tuskegee Airmen

50. How did World War II change the United States? • Mexican Americans and the War • More than 500,000 Latinos (mostly Mexican Americans) served in the military in WWII • Did not fight in segregated units