Welcome to World History

1. Welcome to World History • Get out your homework (the eight “Early China” questions) and have it on your desk for me to check. • In your journal, create an entry for work SILENTLY and INDEPENDENTLY on these questions below. Write in COMPLETE SENTENCES! • If Newport High School were ancient China, who would be our emperor? What would her dynasty probably be called? • If our emperor died, who would probably take over the rule of Newport? • What is something that could happen at Newport to make the emperor lose the Mandate of Heaven?

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4. Ancient China – before 221 B.C.E. • Oracle Bones/mystics/ancestor worship • Development of Chinese writing • Mandate of Heaven:Ruler had divine approval • Wicked/foolish king would lose the Mandate of Heaven • Floods, riots, etc. were signs of disapproval • At times many dynasties rivaled for power at once

6. Qin Dynasty: 221 – 202 B.C.E. • As fighting Zhou kings weaken, the Qin family seized power • Create one unified China • Great Wall • Regulation of trade • Roads • Standardized weights and measures

12. Qin (chin) Dynasty: 221 – 202 B.C.E. • Diverse labor field • Legalism:Strict control through many laws; rewards and severe punishments • Peasants rebelled

17. Han Dynasty: 202 B.C.E. – 220 C.E. • Rise of Confucianism • Importance of family • Importance of obeying higher authorities • Civil service examinations

19. Silk Road

20. Han Dynasty: 202 B.C.E. – 220 C.E. • To increase transportation and trade Han emperors ordered the construction of the Silk Roads • Greater demand for trade goods sparked innovation in technology • Paper • Farming technology

21. Era of Division 220-589 C.E. • Followed the fall of the Han Dynasty in 220 C.E. • 350 years of chaos – China divided into smaller states, whose ruling kings were often at war with each other.

22. Middle Ages Dynasties 500 – 1280 CE

23. Sui Dynasty (589-618 C.E.) • Wendi, a local king, finally unites all of China under his rule. • Forms the Sui Dynasty. • Charged high taxes and forced labor on the Chinese people to build the Grand Canal and finish the Great Wall of China.

25. Sui Dynasty (589-618 C.E.) • After more than a million peasants are forced to work on the Great Wall and Grand Canal, and taxes are raised extremely high, the people revolted against the second Sui emperor.

26. Tang Dynasty (618-907 C.E.) • Tang Taizong, emperor from 626 to 649, was the first strong emperor of the Tang Dynasty. • Tang’s armies reconquered much of northern and western China which had not been controlled by the central government since the time of the Han Dynasty.

27. Tang Dynasty (618-907 C.E.) • Wu Zhao, the wife the Tang emperor, effectively ruled China beginning in 660. • In 690, Wu Zhao declared herself emperor – the only woman to rule China in its history. • During her rule, the Tang Dynasty gained control of Korea as well.

29. Tang Dynasty • Reinstated the Civil Service Examination system – rewarded talent and knowledge in choice of government officials. • New social class created called the Gentry that replaced old wealthy families.

30. Tang Dynasty • The cost of maintaining the western lands against invaders led to high taxes – and a peasant revolt that toppled the dynasty in 907.

31. Song Dynasty (960-1279 C.E.) • Taizu, a talented general, reunited China in 960 and declared himself the first emperor of the Song Dynasty. • During the Song Dynasty, China was smaller than during the Tang Dynasty, but became a more prosperous and innovative society.