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Irish Immigration to the USA

Irish Immigration to the USA. Jewish Immigrants Came from severe oppression To a Nation that really did not welcome them How did they become so successful?. Highest Income Highest Level of Education Most Occupational Prestige.

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Irish Immigration to the USA

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  1. Irish Immigration to the USA

  2. Jewish Immigrants • Came from severe oppression • To a Nation that really did not welcome them • How did they become so • successful?

  3. Highest Income Highest Level of Education Most Occupational Prestige

  4. The Irish Catholics came from a much more Primitive Environment and are now a close second in each category

  5. How? • Why?

  6. Strategies? • By Chance? • Luck?

  7. The First Major Minority Group: All of the urban pathologies we now associate with the urban poor

  8. Subsistence to Market Rural to Urban Non English--English Speakers Roman Catholic

  9. 8 Ulster Irish * 1715, 1730, 1745 8Irish Catholics from Ulster 8 Captured Indentures * Cromwell sent over 100,000 Barbados To Hell or Connaught (or Barbados) 8 Quaker Servants

  10. Where the British Empire Goes So go the Irish: as Soldiers, Servants, Missionaries, Settlers, etc.

  11. Ulster Presbyterian Ulster Presbyterians become American Frontiersmen Irish Catholics from Ulster become Protestant in America Irish Catholic Indentures (also Anglo-Irish)

  12. 33% to 40% of Washington’s Army was Irish Many British thought it was an Irish rebellion, or a Presbyterian rebellion

  13. By 1789 United Irishmen Alien-Sedition Act

  14. Colonial Period: • Irish as Alien Servants and Frontiersmen • 2.Revolutionary Period: • Irish gained claim to patriotism • Early Republican Period: • Irish convergence of talented, educated men • Jacksonian Period: • Emphasis returns to mass immigration of unskilled labor • Period of intense Anti-Irish activity

  15. Philadelphia • 1850 72,312 Irish born • 18% of city’s population • 1860 95,458 Irish born • 17% of city’s population • In NYC & Boston 23% of the population

  16. Poor Irish • 2/3 of those in Alms House were Irish Alms Houses lent poor out as laborers

  17. COLERA EPIDEMIC

  18. Philadelphiavs. New York & Boston

  19. Housing -- 1851 • New York 515,000 • 37,730 houses • Philadelphia 490,000 • 61,200 houses

  20. HOUSES Building and Loans

  21. UNSKILLED WORKERS Canals: Erie, Delaware & Chesapeake, New Orleans Railroads

  22. COMPETITION WITH BLACK LABORS • IRISH MOVE INTO CITIES ENMASS • $3 paid forwarding agents for fictitious RR jobs • They could work 12 hours for 87.5 cents a day • Much lower than African Americans • See Want-ads in Boston & Philly papers • NINA

  23. ENTREPRENEURS • Entrepreneurs Raise the Irish to New Levels • 1850 48% of Irish were unskilled laborers • This has NO parallel with any other immigrant group • But only 33% of Philly’s Irish were unskilled laborers

  24. 1850Only 1% of Boston Irish were grocers 1857 20% of Philly’s grocers were Irish 12% of Philly’s Dry Goods Merchants were Irish

  25. SEVEN YEARS CANNOT MAKE THAT MUCH OF A DIFFERENCE!

  26. CATHOLIC SCHOOLS • Protestant Bibles • Proselytize Catholics • Harass Children

  27. Prior to 1860Boston has only 4 Catholic schools PHILLY HAD 19

  28. Irish Construction Companies Build Catholic Churches & Schools Irish Catholic Workers Workers can afford homes

  29. NATIVISTS RIOTS • BIBLE CONTROVERSARY • HARASSMENT OF CATHOLIC CHLDREN

  30. ST AUGUSTINE’S • FR. PATRICK E. MORIARTY

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