Types of Governments: Arranged by Government Control AND Citizen Participation

1. Types of Governments: Arranged by Government Control AND Citizen Participation *vocabulary*

2. The Way Governments Distribute Power Unitary Federal Confederation Strong central government Weaker central government Moderately powerful government Government shares power with local governments Government makes all decisions State/regional authorities hold most of the power

3. Unitary • A form of government where the power is held by one central authority • Example: Parliament in the UK

4. Unitary Ways Government Distributes Power Regional Authority RegionalAuthority Central Authority Regional Authority Regional Authority

5. Confederation • When independent countries agree to work together to secure a common purpose • They limit some of their freedoms to compromise and work together • Example: European Union • States retain considerable independence. • Less binding than a federation.

6. Confederation Ways Government Distributes Power Regional Authority Regional Authority Central Authority Regional Authority Regional Authority

7. Federal • A form of government where power is divided between one central and several regional authorities • Example: The U.S.A. is divided into the national government and the state governments

8. Federation / Federal Ways Government Distributes Power Regional Authority Regional Authority Central Authority Regional Authority Regional Authority

9. How Gov’ts Determine Citizen Participation • Autocracy/autocratic • Oligarchy/oligarchic • Democracy/democratic

10. Autocratic Gov’t Citizen Participation High Participation • One person possesses unlimited power • Citizen has little, if any, role in the gov’t • Example: Dictators • Saddam Hussein in Iraq • Kim IL Jong of N. Korea • Cuba • Monarchs: • Sultan of Brunei, King of Saudi Arabia • One of the most common forms of government. • Maintain power through inheritance or ruthless use of military and police power. Citizen Participation Government Power Low or No Participation

11. Forms of Autocratic Govts. • Absolute or Totalitarian Dictatorship • Ideas of a single leader glorified. • Government tries to control all aspects of social and economic life. • Government is not responsible to the people. • People lack the power to limit their rulers. • Examples- Adolf Hitler, Benito Mussolini, Joseph Stalin • Absolute Monarchy • King, queen, or emperor exercises the supreme powers of government/unlimited power. • Position is usually inherited. • People lack the power to limit their rulers. • Examples- King of Saudi Arabia.

12. Types of Autocratic Governments • Monarchy:A government in which the supreme power is lodged in the hands of a monarch who reigns over a state or territory, usually for life and by hereditary right; the monarch may be either a sole absolute ruler or a sovereign - such as a king, queen, or prince - with constitutionally limited authority. (Saudi Arabia) • Theocracy: A religious ruler is the supreme, but the Deity's (God’s) laws are interpreted by the religious ruler (bishops, mullahs, etc.); and are the countries’ law. (Iran)

13. Oligarchic Gov’t Citizen Participation • Gov’t by a group that gets its power from military power, social power, wealth, religion or a combination. • Sometimes a gov’t in which a small group exercises control, especially for corrupt and selfish purposes • Political opposition is usually suppressed- sometimes violently. Examples- Communist countries such as China. • Leaders in the party and armed forces control government. • Citizen has very limited role Select Citizens’ Participation General Citizens’ Participation Government Power Low or No Participation

14. Types of Oligarchic Government • Communism: The government plans and controls the economy and a single - often authoritarian - party holds power. All businesses and land is owned by the government while claiming to make progress toward better society in which all goods are equally shared by the people. (China)

15. Autocracy & Oligarchy • Sometimes claim they rule for the people. • In reality, the people have very little say in both types of government. • Examples- May hold elections with only one candidate or control the results in various ways. • Examples- Even when these governments have a legislature or national assembly, they often only approve decisions made by the leaders. JUST BECAUSE THEY CLAIM TO BE A REPUBLIC, DOESN’T MEAN THE ARE A REPUBLIC! They MAY be REALLY an oligarchy or autocratic gov’t!

16. Democratic Gov’t Citizen Participation • Gov’t where people (citizens) have the power • Citizens participate in free elections to choose their gov’t representation High Participation Citizen Participation Government Power Low or No Participation

17. Two main forms of Democratic Gov’ts • Parliamentary • This is where the leader is in the legislature body. Leader is called a Prime Minister and works with the legislature. Legislature elects one of their own as Prime Minister • Presidential • The president is constitutionally independent of the legislature. The two bodies work separately at different tasks. People elect president. The president doesn’t make the laws, but can encourage them to create them

18. BE CAREFUL! • Just because a country can CALL themselves a democracy doesn’t mean they ARE! Look at the role of the president or legislatures! • Examples- May hold elections with only one candidate or control the results in various ways. (Ex: Iran’s election or Kenya) • Examples- Even when these governments have a legislature or national assembly, they often only approve decisions made by the leaders. THIS WOULD MAKE THEM AUTOCRATIC OR OLIGARCHIC!

19. Types of Republics • A representative democracy in which the people's elected deputies (representatives), not the people themselves, vote on legislation. Ex: S. Africa and Kenya • Federal Republic: A state in which the powers of the central government are restricted and in which the states, colonies, or provinces keep some self-government; power rests with the voters who chose their governmental representatives. Federation: Power is shared between a central government and local governments. • Parliamentary Democracy:A political system in which the legislature selects the government - a prime minister, premier, or chancellor along with the cabinet ministers.

20. Constitutional Monarchy: A monarch is guided by a constitution whereby his/her rights, duties, and responsibilities are spelled out in written law or by custom. The King or queen doesn’t have any real power… power comes from the constitution! (Canada , United Kingdom, and Japan) • This needs to be kept all year long!!!