Chapter 17: Verbs

1. Chapter 17: Verbs

2. Section 17.1 Action Verbs • What is an action verb? • A verb that tells what action someone or something is performing. • Examples: • The typhoon destroyed the village. • The boy ran to the playground. • Additional note • Action verbs may show visible action or mental action.

3. Exercise #1: Identify the action verb in each sentence, and determine if it’s a visible action or mental action. • Chinese artists of the Bronze Age made beautiful carvings. • made; visible • Kings had tombs decorated extravagantly for themselves. • decorated; visible • Artists painted the walls with scenes of daily life. • painted; visible • The Chinese remembered their ancestors. • remembered; mental • They hoped for harmony between human beings and nature. • hoped; mental

4. Transitive and Intransitive Verbs • What is a transitive verb? • It directs action toward someone or something named in the same sentence. • Example • Jenna reads books about Guam. • What is an intransitive verb? • It does not direct action toward someone or something named in the same sentence. • Example • Jenna reads every night before going to bed.

5. Exercise #2: Identify the action verb in each sentence. Then, determine if it’s transitive or intransitive. • The Shang people began as a clan of villagers in central China. • began; intransitive • Their rule occurred during two separate periods. • occurred; intransitive • The first period came before the establishment of the capital city. • came; intransitive • Archaeologists discovered most of the artifacts from the first period in graves. • discovered; transitive • The art of metalwork advanced greatly during this period. • advanced; intransitive

6. During the second period, the rulers practiced a complex system of ancestor worship. • practiced; transitive • Kings of the Shang dynasty constructed elaborate tombs. • constructed; transitive • They worried about being remembered. • worried; intransitive • Artisans worked with jade, stone, and bronze. • worked; intransitive • They carved the jade in the shape of birds and animals. • carved; transitive

7. Chapter 17, Section 2 • Attention Grabber: • Create a sentence showing no action.  • Examples: • Jade is a teacher. • is • Larry was glad. • was • It could have been worse. • could have been • What do these sentences have in common? • They contain LINKING VERBS. • Forms of Be (pg 366) • Other Linking Verbs (pg 367)

8. Linking Verbs • What to know about linking verbs: • They do not show action. • They help one word in a sentence name or describe the condition of another word in the sentence. • Example: • The Apollo 13 mission was successful. • What is the linking verb? • was • What two words is it linking? • Subject to its information. • Subject: Apollo 13 mission • Information: successful

9. Steps to identify the linked words • Find the linking verb using the example given: • The Apollo 13 mission was successful. • Linking verb: was • Find the subject of the sentence. • Note: A subject is a word or group of words in a sentence that tells whom or what the sentence is about. • Subject of above sentence • Apollo 13 mission • Find the information (description or condition) of subject. • successful

10. Practice: Underline the linked verb and draw a double-headed arrow to show which words are being linked by the verb. • It may be the most famous lunar-landing mission. • may be; It - mission • It would be difficult to name a more courageous crew. • would be; It – difficult • Their names are James A. Lovell, Jr.; John L. Swigert, Jr.; and Fred Wallace Haise, Jr. • are; names – James A. Lovell, Jr.; John L. Swigert, Jr.; Fred Wallace Haise, Jr. • These men were aboard during an explosion on the module. • were; men - aboard

11. Using Other Linking Verbs • The astronauts felt concerned after sensing the explosion. • felt; astronauts - concerned • After the system malfunction, the situation turned serious. • turned; situation - serious • The tension in the module grew thick. • grew; tension – thick • The levels of oxygen, water, and power appeared lower. • appeared; levels - lower

12. Based on last practice, it looks like an action verb! • Don’t get confused – it’s easy to tell the difference if that’s the case. All you do… • Substitute am, are, or is for the verb. • Let’s try it out: • The Apollo 13 mission seemed routine in its early stages. • First, find the verb: seemed • Second, replace seemed with am, are, or is. • The Apollo 13 mission am routine in its early stages. • The Apollo 13 mission are in its early stages. • The Apollo 13 mission is in its early stages. • The third one makes sense, so it’s a linking verb.

13. Continued • An electrical surge turned a successful mission into a perilous one. • First, find the verb: turned • Second, replace the verb with am, are, or is. • An electrical surge am a successful mission into a perilous one. • An electrical surge are a successful mission into a perilous one. • An electrical surge is a successful mission into a perilous one. • Do any make sense? • No, so it’s an action verb.

14. Introduction to Ch17.S3 • Look at the following sentences. What seems off? • I written about my family. • I have written about my family. • If there is enough time, I go to the ball park to buy tickets. • If there is enough time, I will go to the ball park to buy tickets. • Answer: They need helping verbs. • Example #1: I rake the leaves. • What is the verb? • rake • How would you say this if you are going to rake the leaves later? • I will rake the leaves.

15. On the board • Create verb phrases for the following by adding helping verbs: • play • decide • remember • invite • Create sentences on the board using each verb phrase. • Underline the verb phrase and circle the helping verb.

16. Exercise #17 Identifying Helping Verbs • Did you hear about the Apollo 13 mission? • Did • Many journalists have written about this historic flight. • have • People will be talking about the events of the Apollo 13 mission for years to come. • Will be • On the way to the moon, Apollo 13 must have experienced technical difficulties. • Must have

17. An electrical surge had occurred inside a fuel cell. • had • The following explosions might have been caused by the electrical surge. • might have been • The astronauts had been taught to enter the lunar module in case of emergency. • had been • They could survive in the lunar module for 45 hours. • could • After 95 hours in the module, all supplies should have been exhausted. • should have been • The astronauts’ courage has been admired by people throughout the world. • has been

18. Finding Helping Verbs in Sentences • Note: Verb phrases are often interrupted by other words. • Examples: • Together: • They will be flying in the morning. • Separated: • They will definitely not be going with us. • Separated: • Have you and the others met our friends?

19. Exercise #18: Identify the Verb Phrases. Watch out for those that may be separated. • Differing accounts have sometimes been written of the events of the Apollo 13 mission. • Have been written • However, you will be impressed by the courage of the Apollo 13 crew. • Will be impressed • Had sparks been created by contact between two electrical wires? • Had been created • A fire in space can be caused by any number of sources. • Can be caused

20. A fire would certainly result in limited supplies. • would result • An astronaut in trouble must always keep a clear mind. • must keep • Fortunately, the Apollo 13 crew had been trained to deal with emergencies. • had been trained • The astronauts did not panic. • did panic • With correct propulsion adjustments, the moon’s gravity will send a spacecraft back to Earth. • will send • This voyage may have been the most successful failure in the annals of spaceflight. • may have been