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Osmoregulation and Excretion

Osmoregulation and Excretion. Water Balance and Waste Disposal Excretory Systems. Water Balance. Osmoconformers -isoosmotic with their environment, most marine invertebrates

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Osmoregulation and Excretion

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  1. Osmoregulation and Excretion Water Balance and Waste Disposal Excretory Systems

  2. Water Balance • Osmoconformers-isoosmotic with their environment, most marine invertebrates • Osmoregulators-regulate internal osmolarity by releasing or taking in water, many marine animals, all freshwater animals, terrestrials animals, and humans

  3. Marine vs Freshwater Fish • Marine fish remove salt through specialized glands and the kidneys, also drink large amounts of seawater • Freshwater fish excrete large amounts of very dilute urine, use gills to take in Na+ and Cl- ions

  4. Excretory Systems • Functional similarities of all excretory systems • Filtration of body fluids • modification of that filtrate by: selective secretion of solutes and selective reabsorption of some of those solutes

  5. Functional Unit of the Excretory System of Mammals-Nephron • Kidney made of nephrons • nephron-single long tubule and associated capillaries • three processes occur: filtration, secretion, and reabsorption

  6. Filtration • Blood pressure within the glomerulus forces • filtrate contains a mixture of glucose, salts, vitamins, nitrogenous wastes, and other small molecules

  7. Secretion • Plasma solutes are added to the filtrate • highly selective, involves passive and active transport • example: H+ ions helps maintain pH of body fluids

  8. Reabsorption • Selective transport of filtrate substances back into the interstitial fluid • reclaims small essential molecules • nearly all sugar, vitamins, organic nutrients reabsorbed, also some water

  9. Regulation of Kidney Function • ADH-antidiuretic hormone, enhances fluid retention by increasing the water permeability of the tubules, produced by hypothalamus, but released from the posterior pituitary • RAAS-renin-angioltensin-aldoserone system cooperates with ADH and is opposed by ANF

  10. Videos and Websites • http://www.biologymad.com/resources/kidney.swf

  11. Excretory Products • Ammonia is a byproduct of amino acid respiration it must be removed or converted to a less toxic form • Ammonia is excreted through the gills and body surfaces of most marine and freshwater animals. • Uric Acid- insoluble non toxic form produced by birds, reptiles, and other terrestrial forms • Urea-ammonia is combined with CO2 and diluted in water to form urine, produced by some terrestrial animals

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