Project Number: 2.5.15

1. Project Number: 2.5.15 Investigations of a chemical barrier to deter Asian carp Cory Suski (University of Illinois), Jeffrey Stein (Illinois Natural History Survey, University of Illinois), David Philipp (Illinois Natural History Survey)

2. Redundant and alternate barrier technologies developing and conceptual – options & plans for future • Hydrogun(USGS) • Water gun and other elimination/detterrant technology • Pheromone (USGS) • Repellant • Attractant • Physical (block) net at key location(s) (IDNR) • Rapid response • Key locations for short term deployment • Super-shocker (IDNR/Smith-Root; unfunded) • Sound/bubble/light barriers (Ovivo Fish Protection; USACE) • DIDSON and hydro-acoustic arrays • deployed to operate electric barrier at minimal levels when there are no small fish threats • ramp up automatically when small fish are present • Small fishes/ barrier efficacy (INHS) • field test of current barrier • historic and ongoing • Telemetry/Barrier Efficacy (USACE, 2011) • MWRD D.O. sag / model efforts (unfunded) • Chemical/thermal barriers (U of Illinois and INHS) • CO2/O2/Chlorine/pH/other? • Lab studies • Ecosystem sized deployment? • Lock chamber treatments? • Heated lock chamber from local industry could lower cost • Zone treatment in CAWS

3. Redundant and alternate barrier technologies developing and conceptual – options & plans for future • Hydrogun(USGS) • Water gun and other elimination/detterrant technology • Pheromone (USGS) • Repellant • Attractant • Physical (block) net at key location(s) (IDNR) • Rapid response • Key locations for short term deployment • Super-shocker (IDNR/Smith-Root; unfunded) • Sound/bubble/light barriers (Ovivo Fish Protection; USACE) • DIDSON and hydro-acoustic arrays • deployed to operate electric barrier at minimal levels when there are no small fish threats • ramp up automatically when small fish are present • Small fishes/ barrier efficacy (INHS) • field test of current barrier • historic and ongoing • Telemetry/Barrier Efficacy (USACE, 2011) • MWRD D.O. sag / model efforts (unfunded) • Chemical/thermal barriers (U of Illinois and INHS) • CO2/O2/Chlorine/pH/other? • Lab studies • Ecosystem sized deployment? • Lock chamber treatments? • Heated lock chamber from local industry could lower cost • Zone treatment in CAWS

4. Introduction and background • Movement of Asian carp currently restricted by a single physical barrier (electric) • Additional barriers would provide redundancy, possibly target smaller size classes • Objective • Develop novel chemical barrier to deter movement of Asian carp • Combination of laboratory (behavior, stress) and field studies

5. Methods • Expose Asian carp to low dissolved oxygen and high CO2in laboratory • Quantify altered behavior • Ventilation rates, twitching, ‘coughing’ • Sample for blood/tissue stress indicators • Hormones, ions, gene expression • Use as benchmark for building chemical barrier in field

6. Results to date • Low dissolved oxygen • Silver carp are hypoxiatolerant • Concentrations below 2 mg/L required for behavioral or physiological disturbances • Difficult to achieve in field • High carbon dioxide • pH 7 causes little disturbance in fish • pH 6.5 causes fish to lose equilibrium • High CO2 will strip oxygen from water

7. Future Plans • Three-dimensional telemetry array coupled with bubble curtain for CO2 deployed in field • Can quantify ability of high CO2 to stop movement of Asian carp • Use results from lab studies to establish benchmarks • Investigate ability of chlorine to influence behavior and/or act as deterrent • Examine responses of differing size classes of fishes to chemical stressors

8. Technological or Other Hurdles • Access to small size classes of fish (larvae & young-of-year) • Data Gaps • Potential to ‘scale up’ to CAWS?