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TAXONOMY

Discover how living organisms are classified into kingdoms, phyla, and more. Learn about Carl Linnaeus, binomial nomenclature, and cladograms to understand evolutionary relationships. Dive into the world of taxonomy!

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TAXONOMY

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  1. TAXONOMY Unit 1 – Diversity of Living Things

  2. HOW DO WE ORGANIZE LIVING THINGS? specific • We name all organisms using many names: • K ingdom King • P hylum Phillip • C lass Cried • O rder Out • F amily “For • G enus Goodness • S pecies Sakes!” • Each level is called a “taxon”

  3. SIX KINGDOMS • Unicellular single-cell • Multicellular  many cells • Prokaryotic  no nucleus present in cells • Eukaryotic  nucleus present in cells • Each kingdom hasmany phyla • Each phylum has many classes • Each class has manyorders • Etc.

  4. TAXONOMY Carl Linnaeus Homo sapien • Taxonomy system of naming organisms • Carl Linnaeus • Swedish botanist and ecologist • Designed binomial nomenclature binomial = two-namenomenclature = system • Scientific name of any animal:Genus species • Written in italics • “Genus” is capitalized • Names are Latin/Greek

  5. CLADOGRAMS • Cladogram  the family tree for all living things that describes phylogenetic (evolutionary) relationships • How do we figure out how organisms are related? • Look for homologies(common characteristics)! • Dichotomous keys: • Classifying based onpresence/absence oftraits (yes/no questions)

  6. DINOSAUR CLADOGRAM Common ancestors areat the base, and branches are evolutionary “families” with common traits

  7. RECAP: TAXONOMY KEY WORDS Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species Taxon (plural: taxa) Unicellular, multicellular Prokaryotic, eukaryotic Taxonomy Binomial nomenclature Cladogram Phylogeny / phylogenetic Homology / homologies / homologous Dichotomous key

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