Department of Social Development nodal baseline survey: Chris Hani results

1. Department of Social Development nodal baseline survey: Chris Hani results

2. Objectives of overall project • Conduct socio-economic and demographic baseline study and situational analyses of DSD services across the 14 ISRDP and 8 URP Nodes • Integrate existing provincial research activities in the 10 ISRDP nodes of the UNFPA’s 2nd Country Programme • Monitor and evaluate local projects, provide SLA support • Identify and describe types of services being delivered (including Sexual Reproductive Health Services) • Establish the challenges encountered in terms of delivery & make recommendations regarding service delivery gaps and ultimately overall improvement in service delivery • Provide an overall assessment of impact of these services • Project began with baseline & situational analysis; then on-going nodal support; and will end in 2008 with second qualitative evaluation and a second survey, a measurement survey that looks for change over time.

3. Methodology for generating these results • First-ever integrated nodal baseline survey in all nodes, urban and rural • All results presented here based on original, primary data • Sample based on census 2001; stratified by municipality in ISRDP and wards in URP; then probability proportional to size (PPS) sampling used in both urban and rural, randomness via selection of starting point and respondent; external back-checks to ensure fieldwork quality • 8387 interviews completed in 22 nodes • Sample error margin: 1.1% - nodal error margin: 4.9% • This presentation is only Chris Hani data: national report and results are available from DSD.

4. How to read these findings • Baseline survey on 5 major areas of DSD/government work: • Poverty • Development • Social Capital • Health Status • Service Delivery • Indices created to track strengths and challenges in each area; and combined to create a global nodal index. Allows comparison within and across node, overall and by sector. • Using this index, high index score = bad news • Nodes colour-coded on basis of ranking relative to other nodes • Red: Really bad compared to others • Yellow: OK • Green: Better than others

5. Findings • Detailed baseline report available • Published November 2006 • Detailed findings across all nodes • Statistical tables available for all nodes • Background chapter of secondary data available for each node • Qualitative situation analysis available per node • This presentation • High level Chris Hani-specific findings • Chris Hani scorecard on key indicators • Identify key strengths/weakness for the node and target areas for interventions • What next? • 2008 will see qualitative evaluation and second quantitative survey to measure change over time

6. Chris Hani scorecard Compared with other nodes, Chris Hani is a mix of good, ‘OK’ and bad. Its overall composite rating is ‘OK’, reflecting the mixture of poor health status, average levels of poverty, social capital and service delivery, and good development awareness.

7. Poverty index The poverty deficit index is based on 10 indicators (see table below), given equal weighting. Chris Hani is in the middle of the 14 ISRDP nodes.

8. Poverty deficit Priority areas For example, read as: Chris Hani respondents 34% more likely to be illiterate compared with ISRDP average; 13% more likely to live in informal dwelling; etc. Note the positives: these are lower than average incidence compared with other ISRDP nodes, from over-crowding to electricity

9. Poverty analysis • Compared with other ISRDP nodes, Chris Hani has the 8th highest level of poverty in the ISRDP • Key challenges include many issues in areas of government service delivery, others socio-economic: • 50% of respondents were functionally illiterate • 58% of respondents lived in informal dwellings • The rate of unemployment was 79% • 74% had no sanitation to RDP standards • 62% had no refuse removal • 59% did not have water to RDP standards • 29% of respondents had no electricity for lighting • 59% of households were female-headed

10. Social capital deficit • This graph measures the social capital deficit - so high scores are bad news. • Social capital includes networks of reciprocation, trust, alienation and anomie, membership of civil society organisations, and so on. • Chris Hani rates (equal) 5th best on social capital among the 14 ISRDP nodes. That said, 1 in every 2 Chris Hani respondents belong to no CSO, but membership of faith-based structures is very high, making the Christian church in particular a key outreach partner in the node.

11. Social capital deficit Priority areas include anomie (63% higher than ISRDP average), alienation (43% higher) etc. Suggests building social capital a key strategy for the node. Positives, in green, include c’ty solving own problems, low mistrust, etc.

12. Development deficit • This index measures respondents’ awareness of development projects, of all types, carried out by government and/or CSOs. It is a perception measure - not an objective indication of what is actually happening on the ground. • Chris Hani rates as the 3rd best ISRDP node on development awareness, a positive finding and in stark contrast with a number of other Eastern Cape ISRDP nodes.

13. Development deficit High levels of awareness of most types of development project. Only negative is lower than average awareness of road-building.

14. Service delivery deficit Chris Hani ranks 5th worst on service delivery out of the 14 ISRDP nodes

15. Service delivery – weaknesses Weaknesses include most aspects of DSD service delivery, e.g. respondents were 33% more likely in this node to rate access to a DSD facility as poor than the ISRDP average, 28% more likely to rate staff knowledge as poor, 25% more likely to rate staff helpfulness as poor when compared with ISRDP average and so on

16. Service delivery – strengths Strengths: Include some aspects of basic service delivery (e.g. respondents are 47% less likely to rate education quality poor than ISRDP average) and the penetration of grants (e.g. households are 16% more likely to access a child support grant than the ISRDP average)

17. Service delivery: main features • Other important services provided by DSD such as Children Homes, Rehabilitation Centres and Drop-In Centres worryingly received almost no mention by respondents and signals very low awareness of these critical services. • Urgent thought should be given as to how best to raise awareness across the node with respect to these under utilised services - and how to increase greater penetration of DSD services as well as grants in the node even though the node is doing better than the ISRDP average

18. Chris Hani is rated 3rd worst of the 14 ISRDP nodes in respect of health measures, the only red warning light in the node Health deficit

19. Health deficit Priority Areas: Respondents are 49% more likely to report that their health has prevented them from working than the ISRDP average. Poor health has also limited their social activities.

20. Health • HIV and AIDS was reported as the major health problem in node, by a four out of ten of all respondents (39%, higher than the average of 30% across all nodes). • Alcohol Abuse was also reported as a major health problem in Chris Hani by 23% of respondents (lower than the average of 28% across all nodes), as was Drug Abuse (17% of respondents mentioned this vs. an ISRDP average of 9%) • Men were as likely as women to rate their health as poor • Youth were as likely as older adults to rate their health as poor • Access to services, whilst perceived to be 4% better than the IRDP average, nevertheless also impacts the health of those in the node, in particular • 39% of respondents reported distance to health facility as being a problem • 54% of respondents reported paying for health services as being a problem • These findings highlight the key health issues facing those in the node and point to the need for an integrated approach that focusses on the issues of HIV and AIDS, alcohol and drug abuse, and also takes into account the challenges respondents face in accessing health care • Poverty and the health challenges of HIV and AIDS, alcohol and drug abuse cannot be separated and whatever intervention is decided upon should be in the form of an integrated response to the challenges facing Chris Hani residents

21. Proportion who agree that both parties in a relationship should share decision - making Read as: Majority in the node support the view that most decisions in the household require joint decision-making by both partners

22. Proportion supporting statements about female contraception Read as: Node is relatively progressive in certain instances and conservative in others when compared with the ISRDP average.

23. Proportion who agreed that a man is justified in hitting or beating his partner in the following situations Read as: Support for violence against women in all situations is much lower in this node than the ISRDP average and points to a proportion of positive attitudes about Gender Based Violence in the node. Encouraging to note that the differences between males and females, and young and old, in terms of attitudes towards Gender Based Violence are not large - these positive attitudes have been absorbed by all within the node

24. Attitudes towards abortion Read as: Abortion is NOT supported by more than half of the respondents (59%) in this node, much higher than the ISRDP average (42%)

25. Sexual Reproductive Health & GBV • Findings point to the need for nuanced campaigns around contraception and their very close link with conflicting attitudes towards women in Chris Hani • Encouraging to note the the positive attitudes towards Gender Based Violence and towards certain myths about contraception, but at the same time there is very little support for abortions. Hence the need for a campaign that is based on a solid understanding of local attitudes towards both sexual reproductive health and GBV as opposed to the interests of a national campaign • Strong support for joint decision-making by both partners on matters of importance, has been taken further as very few actually endorse physically abusing women • Need to develop an integrated approach that takes poverty and the health challenges facing nodal residents into account and also integrate critical aspects of GBV and Sexual Reproductive Health • Challenge is to integrate Sexual Reproductive Health and GBV issues with other related services being provided by a range of governmental and non-governmental agencies - integration and co-ordination remain the core challenges in the ISRDP and URP nodes.

26. HIV & AIDS: Awareness levels Read as: Prevalence rates are relatively high and secrecy is very low, hopefully indicating that stigmatization is dropping.

27. HIV & AIDS: Proportion who accept the following statements Read as: Whilst some awareness of how HIV is transmitted, distinct gaps in respondents’ knowledge can be observed

28. HIV and AIDS • Evidence suggests that previous campaigns (and the high incidence of the pandemic in the node) have led to some awareness of impact of HIV and AIDS. • Whilst encouraging to see how many in the node have correct knowledge about the transmission of the disease, Chris Hani is generally worse than the average scores for ISRDP (except in the case of Mosquitoes) • HIV and AIDS campaigns in this node need to address the gaps observed in peoples’ knowledge • Despite high levels of awareness of AIDS sufferers in their communities few respondents can actively assist • Less than 3% in the node reported on providing support to orphans or providing Home Based Care • Despite high incidence of HIV across Chris Hani, levels of poverty are so crippling few can do much to assist those who are infected and suffering • These findings support the need for an urgent integrated intervention in the node that incorporates health, poverty, GBV, HIV and AIDS, in particular to providing targeted support to increase the numbers of households providing HBC and/or supporting orphans

29. Conclusions Chris Hani has anaverage Global Development Rating. Key challenges and strengths emerging from the statistical analysis are summarised below.