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Section 2

Section 2. The Roman Republic. Section Overview. This section describes the Roman Republic’s political development and the defeat of Carthage . Rome’s republic was shaped by a struggle between wealthy landowners and regular citizens as it gradually expanded the right to vote

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Section 2

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  1. Section 2 The Roman Republic

  2. Section Overview This section describes the Roman Republic’s political development and the defeat of Carthage. Rome’s republic was shaped by a struggle between wealthy landowners and regular citizens as it gradually expanded the right to vote Rome slowly destroyed the Carthaginian Empire and took control of the entire Mediterranean region.

  3. Reading Strategy

  4. Rome’s Government • Patriciansand plebeians were the two classes of people in Rome. • The patricians were wealthy landowners • The plebeians were the merchants, farmers, and artisans of Rome. • They were allowed to vote, but only Patricians were allowed in the senate • P. 150, TTK

  5. Rome’s Government • Top government officials were called consuls* • Another important group of officials were the praetors - Their main job was to interpret the law and act as judges in court cases. • The Senate was the most important lawmaking body - A select group of 300 patrician men who served for life. Over time, their power grew. By the 200s B.C., it could propose law, hold debates on important issues, and approve building programs** PAGE 150, TTK

  6. Rome’s Government Cont… Another important legislative body was the Assembly of Centuries* • Plebeians challenged the class system by going on strike*

  7. Rome’s GovernmentPlebeians Against Patricians **The Romans then allowed the plebeians to set up their own legislative group called the Council of the Plebes - Gained power to pass laws for all Romans in 287 B.C. Now, all male citizens had equal political standing, at least in theory* Office of Dictator existed in the Roman Republic • Today, dictator***, is defined as an oppressive ruler. • PAGE 150, TTK

  8. Who was Cincinnatus? • Roman dictators ruled on a temporary basis during emergencies • Cincinnatus, the best-known early Roman dictator, led an army of men to defeat a powerful enemy*

  9. Cincinnatus • He was a farmer and devoted citizen of Rome • He returned to his farm about 16 days after becoming dictator • This picture shows him handing the rods of power back to city fathers*

  10. Rome’s Government • The Twelve Tables were Rome’s first code of laws - Established the principle that all free citizens had the right to be treated equally by the legal system • They were the basis of all future Roman laws • The Law of Nations was developed to address issues of conquered peoples*

  11. Rome Expands • Carthage, a state on the coast of North Africa, was a powerful enemy of Rome. • The First Punic War began as a dispute between Rome and Carthage over the island of Sicily • The war continued for 20 years before Rome won • The Second Punic War began after Carthage expanded into Spain Page 151, PTL

  12. Hannibal’s Route of Invasion

  13. The Second Punic War • Rome helped the people of Spain rebel* • Hannibalwas a great Carthaginian general who fought in the Second Punic War (p. 152, PTM) • At the Battle of Cannae, in 216 B.C., Hannibal’s forces overpowered the Romans (p. 151, PTL) • The Roman general Scipio led his forces to defeat the Carthaginians at the Battle of Zama** (p. 151, PTL and p. 152, PTM)

  14. Rome Expands • Rome destroyed Carthage in the Third Punic War • Rome also took all of Greece and Macedonia and parts of Africa during the Punic Wars.

  15. SUM IT UP • How did Rome punish Carthage at the end of the Third Punic War? • They burned Carthage, took 50,000 slaves, and spread salt on the earth so no more crops could grow. • P. 152, SIU

  16. SECTION WRAP UP • How did Rome’s government change? • The republic included consuls, praetors, the Senate, and the Assembly of Centuries. The government changed to give representation to plebeians. They set up the Council of Plebs elected tribunes and won the right to veto. They also gained the power to pass laws for all Romans. • P. 153, SWU

  17. What Did You Learn in Section 2? • Who were the top government officials in the Roman Republic, and what were their duties? • Consuls were the top government officials, praetors, tribunes. Consuls headed armies and ran the state. Praetors served as judges, and tribunes represented the plebeians

  18. Section 2 Review Cont… Why did Rome create a navy? Carthage was a great sea power. To beat the Carthaginians, the Romans had to build a great naval fleet.

  19. Section 2 Review What does mare nostrum mean, and why did the Romans use the term? It means “our sea.” The Romans controlled the Mediterranean Sea.

  20. Section 2 Review • Where was Carthage located, and why did it compete with Rome? Carthage was located on the coast of North Africa and was a trading rival of Rome.

  21. Section 2 Review • SummarizeWhat other conquests did Rome carry out during the period of the Punic Wars Rome conquered Macedonia, Greece, and Asia Minor.

  22. Section 2 Review EvaluateWhy do you think the legacy of Roman law is considered so important? Roman law led to the principles that law protects citizens’ rights, that a person is innocent until proven guilty, and that a judge must look at evidence carefully before making a decision.

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