Lymphatic System

1. Lymphatic System Dr. Sama-ul-Haque Dr. Rania Gabr

2. Objectives • Give functions of lymphatic System. • How a lymphatic vessel forms. • Define Lymphatics and its distribution in body.

3. Functions • 1- Remove excess fluids from body tissues & transport • of tissue fluid back into the blood circulation. • 2- Absorb & remove large Protein molecules. • 3- Absorb fatty acid and transport fat to circulatory • system from intestinal villi. • 4- Produce immune cells. (lymphocytes, monocytes & plasma cells).

5. The Lymphatic System The lymphatic system is a specialized component of the circulatory system that: 1- monitors body surfaces and internal fluid compartment and 2- reacts against potentially harmful substances. It consists of: • 1- Lymph. • 2- Lymphatic vessels. • 3- Lymphatic cells. • 4- Lymphatic nodules. • 5- Lymphoid organs.

6. Lymph Interstitial fluid: Fluid that fills the spaces around cells. Lymph Clear, watery fluid found in the lymphatic vessels. Lymph is a fluid similar in composition to blood plasma. Plasma filters into the interstitial spaces from blood flowing through the capillaries. Much of this interstitial fluid is absorbed by tissue cells or reabsorbed by the blood, small amount of interstitial fluid is left behind. It is twice as blood in our body.

7. Origin of a lumphatic vessel

8. Lymphatic Vessels Lymphatic vessels drain interstitial fluid (cells and large macromolecules) from tissues to venous blood. They begin as "porous" blind-ended lymphatic capillaries in tissues of the body and converge to form a number of larger vessels, which ultimately connect with large veins in the root of the neck.

9. Lymphatic vessels are found in most of tissues and organs in the body but absent from: • CNS. • Eye ball. • Internal ear. • Epidermis. • Cartilage. • Bone.

10. Structure of lymphatics • The lymphatics resemble veins in structure with these exceptions: • 1- Lymphatics have thinner walls. • 2- Lymphatics contain more valves. Lymphatics contain lymph nodes located at certain intervals along their course.

11. Lymphatic circulation • Blind ended lymphatic capillaries. • Afferent lymphatics. • Lymph nodes. • Efferent lymphatics. • Thoracic duct/ Right lymph duct. • Blood circulation.

13. Main Lymphatic Channels(Thoracic duct & Right lymph duct)

18. Cells of the Lymphatic System Lymphocytes are the chief cells of lymphatic system with supporting cells. About 70% of lymphocytes circulate in blood and lymphatic circulation. About 30% of lymphocytes do not enter in lymphatic system and pass directly to sub-epithelial tissues for surveillance.

19. Lymphatic organs Primary lymphatic organs Organs where lymphocytes become initially immunocompitant e.g.1- bone marrow 2-thymus. Secondary lymphatic organs Organs where immunocompitant lymphocytes form effector lymphatic tissue and organs e.g.1- lymphatic nodules, 2-lymph nodes, 3-tonsils and 4-spleen.

20. Lymph nodes • Lymph nodes are small (0.1-2.5 cm long) encapsulated structures that interrupt the course of lymphatic vessels and contain elements of the body's defense system, such as clusters of lymphocytes and macrophages.

21. Function • 1- They act as filters that trap and phagocytose particulate matter in the lymph that percolates through them. • 2- In addition, they detect and defend against foreign antigens that are also carried in the lymph

24. Lymph Flow Lymph is driven by: 1- contraction of surrounding muscles, 2-valves enabling one-way flow. 3- breathing.

27. Thank You