Voices for Freedom

1. Voices for Freedom pp. 120-123 - class work Write the question and find the answer as we read.

2. Historical background • What name is given to the age that influenced American statesman of the Revolution? • After the French and Indian War, what British measures enraged the colonists? • Where did the first battles of the Revolution take place? • After the Revolution, what document replaced the Articles of Confederation?

3. Literature of the Period • In what way was the writing produced during this period different from that produced by the Puritans? • Name three important public writers or speakers of this era. • What are two key political documents that were written by committee and that have stood the test of time? • Outside the field of politics, what writer produced the best known works? • As the 18th c. came to a close, what types of literature were still largely untried by American authors?

4. Homework • Journal Entry on freedom – check your worksheet

5. Who said it? • For the following slides, look on the sheet provided to identify or guess who said the following quotes.

6. Who said it? • “…that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain-that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom – and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.” • Abraham Lincoln

7. Who said it? • “You have lost too much, but you have not lost everything.” • Bill Clinton

8. Who said it? • “You are never strong enough that you don’t need help” • Cesar Chavez

9. Who said it? • “Twenty-four years ago, President John F. Kennedy visited Berlin, speaking to the people of this city and the world at the City Hall. Well, since then two other Presidents have come, each in his turn, to Berlin. And today I, myself, make my second visit to our city.” • Ronald Reagan

10. Who said it? • “The only thing we have to fear, is fear itself.” • Franklin D. Roosevelt

11. Who said it? • “The right is ours. Have it we must. Use it, we will.” • Elizabeth Cady Stanton

12. Who said it? • “This was not just an attack on the city of New York.” • Rudolph Giuliani

13. Who said it? • “ Ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country.” • John F. Kennedy

14. Who said it? • “What to the American slave is your Fourth of July?” • Fredrick Douglass

15. Who said it? • “Forbid it, Almighty God! I know not what course others may take; but as for me, give me liberty or give me death!” • Patrick Henry

16. What are some examples of famous slogans or mottoes of your generation? • How are they different from the quotes discussed?

17. Pair*Share • Share your response to, “What does freedom mean to you?” with a person sitting next to you. • Share your responses

18. Vocabulary – define for tomorrow • Patriotism • Proportion • Treason • Temporal • Arduous • Anguish • Solace • Insidious • Snare • comports

19. 10 more • Subjugation • Martial • Array • Rivet • Forge • vain • Supplication • tyrannical • Remonstrate • supinely

20. Persuasive Speech What is persuasive speech? Look in your textbook on page 1268 and write the definition in your notes.

21. Persuasion – Journal Entry • Imagine your are trying to persuade your mother or father to let you go to a party, what techniques do you use?

22. What are the techniques speakers use? • Repetition • Parallelism • Rhetorical questions • Appeals to emotion • Appeals to reason

23. Rhetorical Devices Language tools that skillful writers and speakers use to add clarity and interest to their work.

24. RESTATEMENT p. 167 • Repeating an idea in a variety of ways • Example: “Freedom is indivisible, and when one man is enslaved, all are not free.” John F. Kennedy • Vocabulary – in (not); en (in; into)

25. REPETITION p. 167 • Restating an idea using the same words. • Example: “Free at last, free at last. Thank God Almighty, we are free at last.” Martin Luther King, Jr.

26. PARALLELISM p. 167 • Repeating grammatical structures • Example: • “Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York.” “Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania.” Martin Luther King Jr. Alleghenies –mountain ranges “of the people, by the people, for the people” – who said it?

27. RHETORICAL QUESTION p. 167 • Asking a question whose answer is self-evident; intended to stir emotions. • Example: “So tonight, let us ask ourselves -if our children should live to see the next century; if my daughters should be so lucky to live as long as Ann Nixon Cooper, what change will they see? What progress will we have made?”Barack Obama Or “And Ain’t I a Woman?” Sojourner Truth

28. APPEAL – What does it mean? • Noun - the power or ability to attract, interest, amuse, or stimulate the mind or emotions: • Verb - to ask for aid, support, mercy, sympathy, or the like; make an earnest entreaty (earnest request or petition)

29. APPEAL TO EMOTION p. 167 • asks the audience to experience their hopes, fears, likes and dislikes to persuade them. • Example: “But above all, I will never forget who this victory truly belongs to – it belongs to you.” Barack Obama How does President Obama appeal to the people’s hopes?

30. APPEAL TO REASON • asks audience to think in a rational way to persuade them. “I could work as much and eat as much as a man-” Sojourner Truth

31. Quiz • There will be a quiz on these techniques Thursday and Friday of this week.

32. Project details • Look at the handout provided. • Library visit on Thursday and Friday. • Presentations start next Thursday and Friday. • Extra credit for those who want to start a day earlier.

33. Let’s try! • Speech in the Virginia Convention by Patrick Henry • But first,….. WHO IS PATRICK HENRY?

34. Henry is considered the most powerful orator (speaker) of the American Revolution. He helped to inspire colonists to unite in an effort to win their independence. After he was elected to the Virginia House of Burgesses he delivered one of his most powerful speeches, persuading members to resist English rule and go to war. Patrick Henry (1736 -1799)

35. Speech in the Virginia Convention – 1775, Virginia • Henry delivered this most famous speech at the Virginia Provincial Convention to urge resistance to England. • The speech impacted the audience, feeding the Revolutionary Spirit and the independent ideals of a new nation breaking free from English dependence.

36. Structure • The speech starts off with a rebuttal of the previous speeches. • Rebuttal - the speech act of refuting by offering a contrary contention or argument  • Then he defends his own position • He expresses that England’s actions (Stamp Act; Townshend Acts – taxes on goods paid to England) imply war and colonist slavery. • He ends with a strong appeal to emotions – try to figure out how and why Notice the allusions Henry uses - Greek mythology and the Bible

37. LET’S LISTEN • Procedure: • We will read from “Mr. President..” to “to know the worst and to provide for it.” • Listen to the remainder of the speech on CD. • Imagine your are a member of the Virginia Convention • Use your sheet – “Say it again, Pat.” to write what you think is an example of Repetition Parallelism Rhetorical question

38. What appeals do we notice? • How does Henry appeal to the audience’s emotion? • How does Henry appeal to the audience’s reasoning and logic?

39. Repetition • “-we must fight! I repeat it, sir, we must fight! • “-let it come. I repeat it, sir, let it come!”

40. Parallelism • “We have petitioned; we have remonstrated; we have supplicated; we have prostrated.” • “..in vain…”; “In vain,…”; “It is in vain..” • “If we wish to be free…” • “If we mean to preserve…” • “If we mean, not basely..”

41. Rhetorical question • “I ask gentlemen, sir, what means this martial array, if its purpose be not to force us to submission? Can gentlemen assign any other possible motive for it?” • “And what have we to oppose to them? Shall we try argument?”

42. Journal Entry • If you wrote a break up letter to a boyfriend, what would it say? • Have you ever written a break up letter? • If you never have, imagine having to and just be creative. Or imagine two people you know (from life or a movie, show, etc.) that break up.

43. Journal Entry – journals due on Wednesday • If you could change one thing about anything, what would it be? • Can you do something about it? • If so, what would you do?

44. Attention getting beginning (I) • Ask a question • Give a surprising fact • Tell an interesting or a surprising story • Ask listeners to imagine something • Repeat a famous quotation

45. Convincing main part (II and Body) • State your main argument. • Three main points • Examples or supportive details for each main point • Answer questions your listeners might have. • You can also bring up opposing views and attack them.

46. A strong ending (VI) • Tell one last interesting fact or story. • Explain why the topic is important. • Sum up the most important ideas in your speech. • Share a final idea that will keep the topic in your listener’s thoughts.

47. Speech checklist • Attention getting beginning • A convincing main part • A strong ending • Persuasive techniques

48. Note cards • You must bring index cards Monday • If you can’t you must have loose leaf papers that have been cut to 5x7 dimensions

49. What to write on the note cards • Write the beginning argument on the index cards • Write the first main point on one card • Write the two to three examples on one card • Write the second main point on one card • Write the two to three examples on one card • Write the third main point on one card • Write the two to three examples on one card • Write your entire conclusion on one card NUMBER YOUR INDEX CARDS!!!!!!!!!!!

50. Delivering your speech • Practice delivering your speech (we will do this tomorrow) • Stand straight and tall • Speak loudly and clearly • Take your time and use your voice to add color and interest to your speech. Do not rush. • Look up as often as you can. • Use your hands in a planned way or not at all. • Keep your feet firmly on the floor. Don’t sway from side to side or fidget. • Show interest in your topic and wait a few seconds after you are done before you sit down.