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11. Slaves and Masters

11. Slaves and Masters. Ride for Liberty By Eastman Johnson. Includes. Slave states Border states that permitted slavery. In many parts of the south…. Slaves made up 75% of the population. Spread of Cotton Plantations. Moved westward as land played out Textile mills Cotton Gin

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11. Slaves and Masters

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  1. 11. Slaves and Masters Ride for Liberty By Eastman Johnson

  2. Includes • Slave states • Border states that permitted slavery

  3. In many parts of the south… • Slaves made up 75% of the population.

  4. Spread of Cotton Plantations • Moved westward as land played out • Textile mills • Cotton Gin • Demand great

  5. Slave Population • 1800 – 1 million • 1860 – 4 million

  6. Tasks • Fields • Skilled crafts • House servants • Construction • Factories

  7. Labor Force Under Control

  8. Devotion to Families • Jump'n Da Broom • Pamela Miller Slave Father Being Sold Away from His Family

  9. African American Church

  10. Resistance • Work slow downs • Sabotage • Escape • Revolt

  11. Nat Turner Revolt • Galvanized the white southerners to tighten controls • Believed God had given him a sign

  12. Free African Americans

  13. Social Structure • Patterned after the white aristocracy. • Closer you are to the “Big House”, the higher up the social ladder.

  14. The White Aristocracy • Rigid hierarchy with planters at the top.

  15. Plantation Owners • Controlled the governmental and social structure of the South • Highly competitive businessmen who used profits from land speculation and banking to purchase plantations • Wealth was determined by how much land and how many slaves you owned.

  16. Most Considered Themselves • Benevolent owners • Who cared for those who needed to be cared for • Paternalism • “Our People”

  17. 88% of Slaveholders • Had fewer than 20 slaves • Had better relationships with slaves

  18. Yeoman Farmers • Worked the land in order to gain wealth • Intended to some day have a plantation • Mostly in the back country • Jacksonian Democrats

  19. Mountain People and Poor Whites

  20. Cities Charlestown During the War Café due Monde, New Orleans Lookout Mountain, Chattanooga Cyclorama, Atlanta Richmond After the War

  21. Defense of Slavery Slavery becomes the focus of political thought

  22. Closed Minds on Slavery • Natural and proper state for Africans • Sanctioned by the Bible • Premise that blacks were dependent by nature

  23. Population Moves South % West 1820 1860

  24. Cornerstone of Southern Economy • Internal Slave Trade • Cotton Kingdom moves west • Upper south relies on tobacco • Cotton Gin makes cotton more profitable • Cotton is so profitable that industrialization is ignored.

  25. Effects Religion • Slavery questions affected membership • Methodist and Baptist congregations grew when they broke from northern groups

  26. Meanwhile in the North • Industrialism is creating a complete different society • Factory systems exploit immigrants • Free People of Color have very little opportunities • North begins to view slavery as a sin

  27. Meanwhile Out West • With the addition of new states the issue of slavery remains an open and festering sore. • The country seems destined to war.

  28. 1. Why did Nat Turner start a slave rebellion? • He had lost a great deal of money in the slave trade • He felt that slavery was an unworkable system economically • He believed God had given him a sign that it was time for freedom • He was mentally unbalanced. • He was a northern white abolitionist

  29. 2. How did the South’s union of Cotton and slavery affect it’s attempts to industrialize? • Sped up industrialization • One had little effect on the other • Tended to inhibit industrialization • There was no industrialization of the South • What industry was present died off

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