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Lecture 1

Lecture 1. Introduction to Microcontrollers Dr. Konstantinos Tatas. Components of a microprocessor/controller. CPU: Central Processing Unit I/O: Input /Output Bus: Address bus & Data bus Memory: RAM & ROM Timer Interrupt Serial Port Parallel Port. CPU for Computers

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Lecture 1

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  1. Lecture 1 Introduction to Microcontrollers Dr. Konstantinos Tatas ACOE343 - Real-Time Embedded Processor Systems - Frederick University

  2. Components of a microprocessor/controller • CPU: Central Processing Unit • I/O: Input /Output • Bus: Address bus & Data bus • Memory: RAM & ROM • Timer • Interrupt • Serial Port • Parallel Port ACOE343 - Real-Time Embedded Processor Systems - Frederick University

  3. CPU for Computers Commonly no RAM, ROM, I/O on CPU chip itself General-purpose microprocessor: Many chips on motherboard Data Bus CPU General-Purpose Micro-processor Serial COM Port I/O Port RAM ROM Timer Address Bus ACOE343 - Real-Time Embedded Processor Systems - Frederick University

  4. Microcontroller : • A single-chip computer • On-chip RAM, ROM, I/O ports... • Example：Motorola’s 6811, Intel’s 8051, Zilog’s Z8 and PIC 16X CPU RAM ROM A single chip Serial COM Port I/O Port Timer Microcontroller ACOE343 - Real-Time Embedded Processor Systems - Frederick University

  5. Microprocessor vs. Microcontroller • Microcontroller • CPU, RAM, ROM, I/O and timer are all on a single chip • fixed amount of on-chip ROM, RAM, I/O ports • for applications in which cost, power and space are critical • single-purpose (control-oriented) • Low processing power • Low power consumption • Bit-level operations • Instruction sets focus on control and bit-level operations • Typically 8/16 bit • Typically single-cycle/two-stage pipeline Microprocessor • CPU is stand-alone, RAM, ROM, I/O, timer are separate • designer can decide on the amount of ROM, RAM and I/O ports. • expensive • versatility • general-purpose • High processing power • High power consumption • Instruction sets focus on processing-intensive operations • Typically 32/64 – bit • Typically deep pipeline (5-20 stages) ACOE343 - Real-Time Embedded Processor Systems - Frederick University

  6. Some Popular Microcontrollers… • 8051 • Microchip Technology PIC • Atmel AVR • Texas Instruments MSP430 (16-bit) ACOE343 - Real-Time Embedded Processor Systems - Frederick University

  7. Review questions • What are the main differences between a microprocessor and a microcontroller in terms of • Architecture • Applications • Instruction set ACOE343 - Real-Time Embedded Processor Systems - Frederick University

  8. Example • A uP running at 600 MHz has an average CPI of 1.2 and a average power consumption of 400 mW, while a uC running at 12 MHz with a two cycle datapath has a power consumption of 24 mW. • Calculate their respective MIPS • Which one is more efficient in MIPS/mW? ACOE343 - Real-Time Embedded Processor Systems - Frederick University

  9. Example 2 • The previous uP costs 100$, while the respective uC costs 0.96 $ • Which is more efficient in MIPS/$? ACOE343 - Real-Time Embedded Processor Systems - Frederick University

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