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Traumatic Stress

Traumatic Stress. Agnė Bružaitė Psbd 8-01. Content. Causes; Traumatic events; Reactions to traumatic events; Acute stress disorder (ASD); Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD); Trauma in childhood; How to cope; Treatment. Traumatic events.

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Traumatic Stress

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  1. Traumatic Stress Agnė Bružaitė Psbd8-01

  2. Content • Causes; • Traumatic events; • Reactions to traumatic events; • Acute stress disorder (ASD); • Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD); • Trauma in childhood; • How to cope; • Treatment.

  3. Traumatic events • Traumatic events are shocking and emotionally overwhelming situations. • These events might involve actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual or other physical assault.

  4. One-time occurrences: Natural disasters; House fire; Violent crime; Airplane accident; Enduring physical, sexual, emotional, or other forms of abuse. Ongoing, repeated: Combat or war; Child abuse; Neglect; Domestic violence; Traumatic events

  5. Reactions to traumatic events • Anxiety; • Shock; • Personal or social disconnection; • Confusion, fear, hopelessness; • Helplessness, sleeplessness, physical pain.

  6. Reactions to traumatic events • Grief, anger; • Aggressiveness; • Mistrustfulness; • Guilt, shame; • Shaken religious faith; • Loss of confidence in self orothers.

  7. Reactions to traumatic events • Loss of memory; • Physical and psychological flashbacks; • Sometimes a smaller hippocampus; • Physical disorders;

  8. Reactions to traumatic events • Nightmares; • Sleep disturbance; • Depression;

  9. Acute stress disorder (ASD) ASD describes experiences of: • Dissociation (e.g., feelings of unreality or disconnection); • Intrusive thoughts and images;

  10. Acute stress disorder (ASD) • Efforts to avoid reminders of the traumatic experiences; • Symptoms persist from two days to four weeks.

  11. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) • When experiences that were mentioned before last more than a month; • Post-traumatic stress disorder was first recognised as 'shell shock' in veterans of the First World War; • Statistics: 7%-8% of people in the United States will likely develop PTSD in their lifetime;

  12. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) • Women are twice as likely as men to develop PTSD; • Pregnant women who have PTSD may influence their children.

  13. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) • A person can recovery within 6 months or the symptoms can last much longer and become a chronic condition; • The symptoms may be worse if the trauma was initiated by another person such as a kidnapping, rape or torture.

  14. Signs of PTSD • People tend to avoid places, people, or other things that remind them of the event (may develop to phobia); • Recurring nightmares;

  15. Signs of PTSD • Chronic physical hyper arousal; • Lack of interest in activities that used to be enjoyed;

  16. Trauma in childhood Person who was traumatized in childhood may suffer: • Revictimization (being harmed again); • Aggression; • Identity disturbance;

  17. Trauma in childhood • Bodily problemswithout detectable physical cause; • Relationship problems.

  18. Helping yourself • Stay connected to natural support systems; • Taking care of basic needs; • Keeping to routines and activities; • Finding ways to assist someone else.

  19. Psychological First Aid • Psychological first aid creates and sustains an environmentof: • Safety; • Calming; • Connectedness to others; • Self-efficacyor empowerment; • Hopefulness.

  20. What you should DO: • Do help people meet basic needs for food and shelter, andobtain emergency medical attention (safety);

  21. What you should DO: • Do listen to people who wish to share their stories andemotions and remember there is no wrong or right wayto feel (calming);

  22. What you should DO: • Do be friendly and compassionate even if people arebeing difficult (calming).

  23. What you should DO: • Do help people contact friends or loved ones(connectedness). • Do give practical suggestions that steer people towardshelping themselves (self-efficacy).

  24. Do not : • Don’t force people to share their stories with you; • Don’t give simple reassurances like “everything willbe ok” or “at least you survived”;

  25. DO not: • Don’t tell people what you think they should be feeling,thinking or doing now or how they should have actedearlier; • Don’t make promises that may not be kept.

  26. Treatment • Interpersonal, relational, and psychodynamic psychotherapies; • Anxiety management, cognitive therapy and exposure therapy; • A combination of psychotherapy and medication;

  27. References • http://www.istss.org/resources/what_is_traumatic_stress.cfm (2009 11 03) • http://www.centerforthestudyoftraumaticstress.org/resources/categorylisting.php (2009 11 03); • PICTURES: • http://www.faqs.org/health/images/uchr_05_img0496.jpg • http://i.ehow.com/images/GlobalPhoto/Articles/4597346/81417-main_Full.jpg • www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/on-line/brain/images • http://www.onlinecounselingblog.com/2009/06/post-traumatic-stress-disorder/ • http://www.scientificamerican.com/media/inline/post-traumatic-stress-trap_1.jpg • http://www.iandodds.co.uk/images/20090301202656_foreign_service_journal_1.jpg • http://www.iandodds.co.uk/images/20090301202656_foreign_service_journal_1.jpg • http://helpingpsychology.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/09/iStock_000003781332Small.jpg • (All watched at 2009 11 05)

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