B efore starting … .

1. Before starting….

2. Take a pen

3. And a notebook

4. LISTEN CAREFULLY

5. And take notes….

7. CLASSROOM RULES • LISTEN CAREFULLY • FOLLOW DIRECTIONS • WORK QUIETLY AND DO NOT DISTURB • RESPECT OTHERS • TAKE NOTES • DON’T GET DISCOURAGED • ALWAYS DO YOUR BEST!

8. ARE YOU READY?

9. LET’S START

10. PHOENICIANS

11. Introduction

12. Murex snail (or sea snail / Murex Trunculus)

13. Tyrian purple Quick Details Source: Murex Trunculus
Colour: PurplePlace of Origin: Phoenicia 
 Name of the colour:Tyrian royal purple

this pigment / colour is extracted from sea snails called ''Murex Trunculus’’

14. A vessel

15. Glass

16. TRADE

17. COINS, MONEY

18. CEDAR TREES

19. Flag used during Phoenician era 3000 BC – 200 AD (Including the currently known as Cyprus, Syria, Palestine, Tunisia and Lebanon)

20. GEOGRAPHY

21. WHERE THEY LIVED

22. Phoenicia was located between the eastern Mediterranean coast and the Lebanon Mountains

23. GOVERNMENT • Not a unified nation • Consisted of independent city-states

24. PHOENICIANS WERE SAILORS • Sailing • No maps or modern technology • Sailed beyond Gibraltar (Pillars of Hercules) • Evidence that they may have circumnavigated Africa

25. PHOENICIAN COLONIES • Sailed and colonized throughout the Mediterranean beginning circa 1000 B.C.E. • Gades (Cadiz, Spain) • Carthage (Tunis, Tunisia)

26. In the 8th century BC they founded colonies in Sardinia: Karalis, Nora, Bithia (near Cape Spartivento), Sulcis (on the island of Sant'Antioco), Tharros and Bosa.

27. Trade: EXPORT • Leading sailors and traders of ancient world • They traded: • Cloth • Dye (purple dye made from shellfish murex) • Glass • Pottery • Cedar trees

28. Trade: IMPORT • Traded for: • Tin (Britannia) • Hides, ivory, ostrich feathers, and slaves (Africa) • Gold, precious stones, and spices (India)

29. Where they lived: The Phoenicians established a trade empire and colonies throughout the Mediterranean. Their main occupation and activities: They traded several (many) goods including glass and cedar trees . Goods: Their most important product was Tyrian purple, a dye made from the Murex snail (or sea snail). This purple dye was very difficult and expensive to produce. It was very valuable to the rich.

31. The Ruins of Ancient Tyre, a Phoenician trading port.

32. The Phoenician alphabet.

33. HOW DO YOU SAY… IN ENGLISH? = Cow

35. This is how writing began! = ‘Aleph’ (the word for cow/ox in Phoenician, one of the earliest languages to invent its own writing system)

36. The Phoenicians spread their alphabet throughout the Mediterranean Their alphabet consisted of 22 letters, it did not have vowels. The Phoenician alphabet was phonic (based on sound). These sounds could be assembled to make words. The Greeks eventually adopted this alphabet, which influenced the Latin Alphabet which we use today.

39. This is what really happened!

40. A is for Ox! A

41. Some other letters…. ‘M’ is for water

42. H is for ‘fence’

43. = ‘Aleph’ (the word for cow/ox in Phoenician)

45. A Phoenician-style vessel.

46. The Phoenician empire was coastal and thus based on trade and maritime activities.

48. REVIEW QUESTIONS • Where was Phoenicia located? • Name two Phoenician colonies. • Where did the Phoenicians trade? • What is considered to be the Phoenicians’ greatest contribution to the world?

49. THE END