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ELECTRICAL I LESSON 4 STARTING SYSTEM BASICS

ELECTRICAL I LESSON 4 STARTING SYSTEM BASICS. The purpose of the starting system is to crank the engine at approximately 200rpm so enough compression is created that it will start. Starter Motor Basics . Automotive Starter Motor Components. Field Magnets or Poles

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ELECTRICAL I LESSON 4 STARTING SYSTEM BASICS

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  1. ELECTRICAL I LESSON 4 STARTING SYSTEM BASICS

  2. The purpose of the starting system is to crank the engine at approximately 200rpm so enough compression is created that it will start.

  3. Starter Motor Basics

  4. Automotive Starter Motor Components • Field Magnets or Poles • The field magnets set up the stationary magnetic field. • The field is usually 4 electromagnets or 4-6 permanent magnets. • The poles are mounted inside the starter case (frame).

  5. Armature • 16-10 gauge copper windings on a shaft that produce an electromagnetic field which reacts with the poles and rotates. • Winding types: • Wave - the ends of each winding (loop) are connected to commutator segments (bars) 90o or 180o apart. • Each bar has two loops’ ends connected to it. • This type is most common because it has low resistance. • Lap - the ends of each loop are connected to adjacent bars. • Each bar has two loops’ ends connected to it.

  6. Commutator & brushes • The commutator is made up of copper bars insulated from each other. • The ends of the armature windings are connectedto the commutator segments. • The brushes allow for a rotating connection to the armature windings. • Automotive starters have two pairs of brushes; 2 positive (insulated) and 2 negative (ground or non-insulated).

  7. Bushings & Bearings • Bronze self-lubricating bushings or sealed roller bearings are used to support the armature shaft and reduction gears.

  8. Reduction Gears • Spur gears or a planetary gear set may be used to increase pinion drive gear torque while reducing its speed. • This allows a light weight motor to turn at high speed and draw less current. • Most permanent magnet motors use planetary gear reduction. • The reduction in speed is about 2:1 to 5:1.

  9. INTERNAL MOTOR CIRCUITS • Starter motors with electromagnetic fields can be internally connected three possible ways:

  10. Series - • The field coils and armature are in series with each other. • This offers high torque at start-up which drops off quickly as the motor speeds up.

  11. Shunt - • The field coils are parallel to the armature. • This offers low torque at start-up which increases as the motor speeds up. • Not used in automotive starters.

  12. Compound - • Some field coils are in series with the armature and some are parallel to it. • This offers good torque at start-up which stays adequate throughout the motor’s range of speed.

  13. The starting system consists of two circuits: Motor and Control

  14. Starter Motor Circuit • Controls the current from the battery to the motor. • It ranges from 100A to 250+A.

  15. Components of the motor circuit: • Starter motor • Solenoid or Relay - high current switch contacts • Battery • Cables - 2 gauge to 6 gauge

  16. Control Circuit • Controls the current from the battery to the solenoid or relay coil. • It ranges from 20A to 70A.

  17. Components of the control circuit: • Ignition switch • Solenoid or Relay - electromagnetic coil • Battery • Neutral safety or Clutch switch - prevents cranking in gear • Starter motor - provides a ground for the solenoid’s pull-in winding.

  18. The Starter Motor to Engine Connection • The motor armature has a drive gear (pinion) on the end of its shaft. • The drive pinion meshes with the ring gear on the flywheel or flexplate. • The gear ratio between the two is 15:1 to 20:1. • While the engine is off or running a spring pushes the pinion away from the ring gear.

  19. There are three ways used to engage the pinion while the engine is being cranked.

  20. Solenoid • The pinion is engaged by a shift fork lever moved by the solenoid plunger. • The solenoid has two coils. • The pull-in winding is energized to move the plunger against the spring and engage the drive pinion. • The pull-in winding is de-energized as soon as the pinion is engaged to reduce current draw on the battery. • The hold-in winding is energized to help engage the drive pinion. • It remains energized to hold the pinion while the engine is being cranked. • The solenoid also contains the high current switch contacts which close and turn the motor on when the plunger is pulled in.

  21. Solenoid Type “A”1

  22. Solenoid Type “A”2

  23. Solenoid Type “A”3

  24. Solenoid Type “A”4

  25. Solenoid Type “A”5

  26. Solenoid Type “A”6

  27. Solenoid Type “A”7

  28. Solenoid Type “A”8

  29. Solenoid Type “A”9

  30. Solenoid Type “A”10

  31. Solenoid Type “A” initial crank current flow. • Click here for animation.

  32. Solenoid Type “B”1

  33. Solenoid Type “B”2

  34. Solenoid Type “B”3

  35. Solenoid Type “B”4

  36. Solenoid Type “B”5

  37. Solenoid Type “B”6

  38. Solenoid Type “B”7

  39. Solenoid Type “B”8

  40. Solenoid Type “B”9

  41. Solenoid Type “B”10

  42. Solenoid Type “B”11

  43. Solenoid Type “B” initial crank current flow. • Click here for animation.

  44. Solenoid Type “C”1

  45. Solenoid Type “C”2

  46. Solenoid Type “C”3

  47. Solenoid Type “C” 4

  48. Solenoid Type “C”5

  49. Solenoid Type “C”6

  50. Solenoid Type “C”7

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