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IPv6 Impacts on UMTS End-to-End Services

IPv6 Impacts on UMTS End-to-End Services. CT IC2 – Vivek Kulkarni vivek.kulkarni@mchp.siemens.de CT IC2 – Jochen Grimminger jochen.grimminger@mchp.siemens.de Date: 30.07.2002. Contents: IP v6 features UMTS Architecture UMTS End-to-End Services Impacts of IPv6 Summary.

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IPv6 Impacts on UMTS End-to-End Services

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  1. IPv6 Impacts on UMTSEnd-to-End Services CT IC2 – Vivek Kulkarnivivek.kulkarni@mchp.siemens.de CT IC2 – Jochen Grimmingerjochen.grimminger@mchp.siemens.de Date: 30.07.2002

  2. Contents: • IPv6 features • UMTS Architecture • UMTS End-to-End Services • Impacts of IPv6 • Summary

  3. Motivation for a new IP: Why a new IP? One Compelling reason: Larger address space requirement !! IPv6 Features UMTS Architecture UMTS End-to-End Services Impacts of IPv6 Summary • For billions of new devices,e.g., 3G and beyond cell phones, PDAs, appliances, cars, etc. • For billions of new users,e.g., in Asia (India, China, … etc.) • For “always on“ access technologies,e.g., xDSL, cable, Ethernet-to-the-home, etc. Other reasons are covered in Features of IPv6........

  4. IPv6 Features IPv6 Features UMTS Architecture UMTS End-to-End Services Impacts of IPv6 Summary

  5. Contents: • IPv6 features • UMTS Architecture • UMTS End-to-End Services • Impacts of IPv6 • Summary

  6. UMTS Architecture IPv6 Features UMTS Architecture UMTS End-to-End Services Impacts of IPv6 Summary

  7. IPv6 in 3GPP IPv6 Features UMTS Architecture UMTS End-to-End Services Impacts of IPv6 Summary

  8. IPv6 Features UMTS Architecture UMTS End-to-End Services Impacts of IPv6 Summary

  9. IPv6 Features UMTS Architecture UMTS End-to-End Services Impacts of IPv6 Summary

  10. IPv6 in 3GPP Requirement for 3GPP network: • Both IPv4 / IPv6 are options for IP Connectivity • The IM CN subsystem shall exclusively support IPv6 Requirement for UE: • The UE shall exclusively support IPv6 for the connection to services provided by the IM CN subsystem. • The UE can access IPv4 and IPv6 based services. IPv6 Features UMTS Architecture UMTS End-to-End Services Impacts of IPv6 Summary Reference: 3GPP TS 23.221, Architectural requirements (Release 5)

  11. IPv6 Features UMTS Architecture UMTS End-to-End Services Impacts of IPv6 Summary

  12. Power On Local Link Neighbor Solicitation For Duplicate Address Detection of Link-local address Router Solicitation Router Advertisement (Prefix Information, Source Link layer addr.) Neighbor Solicitation For Duplicate Address Detection of Global address Normal IPv6 Address Autoconfiguration: Host Access Router IPv6 Features UMTS Architecture UMTS End-to-End Services Impacts of IPv6 Summary MAC Address : 00-60-97-aa-55-af Forms Interface Identifier as 02-60-97-ff-fe-aa-55-af Forms Link-local address as fe80::260:97ff:feaa:55af Forms Global address asPrefix::260:97ff:feaa:55af

  13. “PDP Context Activate Request“ “PDP Context Activate Accept“. Also sends “ Link Local Address“ Router Solicitation Router Advertisement (Either full IPv6 address or Unique Prefix) IPv6 Autoconfiguration in 3GPP: Stateless Address Autoconfiguration In 3GPP UMTS IPv6 Features UMTS Architecture UMTS End-to-End Services Impacts of IPv6 Summary UE BSS/UTRAN SGSN GGSN PDP contextis activated Gets/Builds fullIPv6 Address

  14. Stateful Address Autoconfiguration (DHCPv6) In 3GPP UMTS IPv6 Features UMTS Architecture UMTS End-to-End Services Impacts of IPv6 Summary

  15. Contents: • IPv6 features • UMTS Architecture • UMTS End-to-End Services • Impacts of IPv6 • Summary

  16. UMTS Services Voice Non-Voice (Information and Content) IPv6 Features UMTS Architecture UMTS End-to-End Services Impacts of IPv6 Summary Content Connectivity (Internet) Mobility People Connectivity Location Personal Direct link to a person Always-on, IP based Knowledge of location Mobile Internet Access Mobile Intranet/ Extranet Access Custo-misedInfotain-ment MMS Location Based Services Rich Voice (including Video Phones) Source: UMTS Forum

  17. VoIP Scenario ..... IPv6 Features UMTS Architecture UMTS End-to-End Services Impacts of IPv6 Summary 192.168.52.x 192.168.52.3 VOIP Application VOIP Application NAT-Router 202.123.41.10 IPv6 solves the problem of NAT by providing each device a unique IP-address. i.e. Global reachability

  18. Contents: • IPv6 features • UMTS Architecture • UMTS End-to-End Services • Impacts of IPv6 • Summary

  19. Impacts due to End-to-End IPv6 • Impairments to air bandwidth efficiency due to • PacketOverhead • Addressing : Unicast, Multicast & Anycast • Neighbor Discovery and Autoconfiguration • Mobile IPv6 • Path MTU Discovery • Interoperability between IPv4 and IPv6 networks • IPv6 Impacts on 3GPP Terminals IPv6 Features UMTS Architecture UMTS End-to-End Services Impacts of IPv6 Summary

  20. Impairments to air-bandwidth Removed Added Global Reachability Increased Routing Efficiency • PacketOvehead • IPv6 Packet headers are much larger than that of IPv4 IPv6 Features UMTS Architecture UMTS End-to-End Services Impacts of IPv6 Summary

  21. What we will achieve with Expanded and Efficient Addressing Capabilities? • Use of Anycast address include services where redundancy is desirable, for e.g. - routers, name servers, software mirroring. • Simplified routing tables with prefix aggregation and improved table lookup. • Addressing • In IPv6, there are more routable addresses than IPv4 Unicast: An address for a single interface. Multicast: An address for a set of interfaces (in a given scope) that typically belong to different nodes. IPv6 multicast addresses are used instead of broadcast addresses in IPv4. Anycast: An address for a nearest interface from the set of interfaces that typically belong to different nodes. IPv6 Features UMTS Architecture UMTS End-to-End Services Impacts of IPv6 Summary

  22. IPv6 Addresses: • In IPv6, there are more routable addresses than IPv4 Impact of UE Addresses on Air-Interface Following are the addresses that Mobile Terminal MUST have in order to communicate invarious scenarios. • Unspecified Address (0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0) used during autoconfiguration • Impact on Air-interface : yes • Loopback Address(0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1) • Impact on Air-interface : no(Its internal to the node, so it will not affect air-interface) • Link-Local address for each interface • Impact on Air-interface : yes (as it is link-specific) but it will not be routed through GGSN. • Assigned Unicast Addresses • (Multiple IP addresses/bearer or One IP address for multiple bearers separated by flow templates) • Impact on Air-interface : yes • All-Nodes Multicast Addresses • Impact on Air-interface : yes • Solicited-Node Multicast Address for each of its assigned unicast and anycast addresses • Impact on Air-interface : yes • Multicast Addresses of all other groups to which the host belongs • Impact on Air-interface : yes • IPv4-compatible IPv6 addresses (Used to communicate with IPv4-only nodes, NGTrans) • Impact on Air-interface : yes IPv6 Features UMTS Architecture UMTS End-to-End Services Impacts of IPv6 Summary

  23. Neighbor Discovery and Autoconfiguration • Air-link bandwidth gets hampered because of frequent Neighbor Discovery/Autoconfiguration messages. IPv6 Features UMTS Architecture UMTS End-to-End Services Impacts of IPv6 Summary • Neighbor Discovery: Basic Use • to determine the link-layer addresses for neighbors • to find access routers • to keep track of reachable neighbors • Address Autoconfiguration: Basic Use • to configure the Care of Address

  24. Home Address MN Home Address Care of Address MN • Mobile IPv6 • Getting new Care off Address and sending Binding Updates will hamper air-link efficiency. IPv6 Features UMTS Architecture UMTS End-to-End Services Impacts of IPv6 Summary General Idea: • MN gets new Care of Address (COA) in a foreign network • MN registers the new COA with its Home Agent (HA) • CN sends to HA and HA tunnels towards MN • MN sends Binding Update (BU) to CN and CN sends directly Home Network Internet HA Foreign Network CN

  25. Path MTU Discovery Path MTU Discovery Packet Too Big Msg. Packet Too Big Msg. MTU= 1280 Bytes • Path MTU Discovery • Path MTU Discovery will contribute to the air-link bandwidth. • Path MTU Process: • Send a message to the destination with MTU of link. • If receive a ICMP “Packet Too Big” error message, then resend themessage with the new MTU. • Do 1 and 2 until response from destination. • Last MTU is the Path MTU IPv6 Features UMTS Architecture UMTS End-to-End Services Impacts of IPv6 Summary IPv6 domain IPv6 domain IPv6 domain MTU=1500 Bytes MTU=1500 Bytes MTU=1280 Bytes

  26. IPv6 in 3GPP: Possible impairments to Air-Interface efficiency due to IPv6 IPv6 Features UMTS Architecture UMTS End-to-End Services Impacts of IPv6 Summary

  27. IPv6 in 3GPP: Possible impairments to Air-Interface efficiency due to IPv6 IPv6 Features UMTS Architecture UMTS End-to-End Services Impacts of IPv6 Summary

  28. Interoperability between IPv4 and IPv6 networks IPv6 Features UMTS Architecture UMTS End-to-End Services Impacts of IPv6 Summary

  29. Dual IPv4/IPv6 Stack Each mobile terminal has to have both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses !!! IPv6 Features UMTS Architecture UMTS End-to-End Services Impacts of IPv6 Summary Reference: 3GPP TS 23.221 V5.5.0 (2002-06)

  30. Tunneling Communication possible between devices having same IP version !!! IPv6 Features UMTS Architecture UMTS End-to-End Services Impacts of IPv6 Summary e.g. 6to4,...etc Reference: 3GPP TS 23.221 V5.5.0 (2002-06)

  31. SRC ::a.b.c.d SRC ::a.b.c.d IPv6 header IPv4 header DST ::w.x.y.z DST ::w.x.y.z SRC: ::a.b.c.d IPv6 header Payload Payload DST: ::w.x.y.z Payload Tunneling: Automatic Tunneling IPv6  IPv4 communication problem is not solved !!! • Uses IPv4-compatible IPv6 addresses, for e.g. ::IPv4-address • The border router extracts the IPv4 addresses embedded in IPv6 packet and tunnels it in IPv4 packet • The receiving system recovers the original IPv6 message IPv6 Features UMTS Architecture UMTS End-to-End Services Impacts of IPv6 Summary IPv6 domain IPv6 domain IPv4 domain B A (::w.x.y.z) (::a.b.c.d) SRC a.b.c.d DST w.x.y.z

  32. SRC: IPv6 SRC: IPv6 IPv6 header IPv4 header DST: IPv6 DST: IPv6 SRC: IPv6 IPv6 header Payload Payload DST: IPv6 Payload Tunneling : Configured Tunneling (6Bone Experimental Test-bed) IPv6  IPv4 communication problem is not solved !!! Also requiresmanual configuration for tunneling. IPv6 Features UMTS Architecture UMTS End-to-End Services Impacts of IPv6 Summary • Requires explicit configuration at every point to the IPv4 network IPv6 domain IPv6 domain IPv4 domain B A Tunneling Router R2 Tunneling Router R1 SRC IPv4 addr of R1 DST IPv4 addr of R2

  33. Translation Mechanisms : Computation load on the translation mechanism !!! IPv6 Features UMTS Architecture UMTS End-to-End Services Impacts of IPv6 Summary • Used when communicating nodes do not share the same IP version. • No modifications to the hosts. • IPv6 packet IPv4 packet translation. e.g. NAT-PT, SIIT, TRT, Socks64,...etc. Reference: 3GPP TS 23.221 V5.5.0 (2002-06)

  34. Translation Mechanisms : IP Header Translation IPsec (AH, ESP-tunnel mode) will get broken due to IP header translation!!! IPv6 Features UMTS Architecture UMTS End-to-End Services Impacts of IPv6 Summary 20 byte Header Variable length 14 different fields 4 byte (32 bit) addresses Checksum Field 40 byte Header Fixed Length of 40 bytes 8 different fields 16 byte (128 bit) addresses No Checksum field Extension headers Flow label

  35. Pool of IPv4 (120.130.26/24) Addresses Assigns free IPv4 address fromthe pool to IPv6-only host DNS Query: B? DNSv4 Response B: IPv4 addr. Gets B‘s address as NAT-PT-Prefix::131.1.2.1 Assumption: Routing inside the operators network knowhow to route the packets towards Translator by static routes Src Prefix::Interface Id Dst NAT-PT-Prefix::131.1.2.1 Src 120.130.26.10 Dst 131.1.2.1 Src 131.1.2.1 Dst 120.130.26.10 Src NAT-PT-Prefix::131.1.2.1 Dst Prefix::Interface Id Mapping of NAT-PT [RFC2766] on UMTS scenario Stateful mechanism...!!! DNSv6/v4 IPv4 Domain IPv6 Features UMTS Architecture UMTS End-to-End Services Impacts of IPv6 Summary IPv4 Domain DNSv4 NAT-PT IPv6 3G Network A (IPv6-only) GGSN Operators Network IPv4 Domain B (IPv4-only) Prefix::Interface Id 131.1.2.1 No entry in DNSv6/v4 cache. Translates DNSv6 to DNSv4 Query Translates DNS Response and adds NAT-PT-Prefix to IPv4 addr. NAT-PT assigns free 120.130.26.10 address, translatesthe packet and maintains the state

  36. DNS Query: B? DNSv4 Response B: IPv4 addr. DNSv6 adds TRT-Prefix to B‘s address asTRT-Prefix::131.1.2.1 Assumption: Routing inside the operators network knowhow to route the packets towards Translator by static routes Src TRT‘s IPv4 address Dst 131.1.2.1 Src Prefix::Interface Id Dst TRT-Prefix::131.1.2.1 Src 131.1.2.1 Dst TRT‘s IPv4 address Src TRT-Prefix::131.1.2.1 Dst Prefix::Interface Id DNSv6/v4 Mapping of TRT [RFC3142] on UMTS scenario Stateful mechanism and IPsec breaks completely...!!! IPv4 Domain TRT IPv6 Features UMTS Architecture UMTS End-to-End Services Impacts of IPv6 Summary IPv4 Domain DNSv4 IPv6 3G Network A (IPv6-only) GGSN Operators Network IPv4 Domain B (IPv4-only) Prefix::Interface Id 131.1.2.1 No entry in DNSv6/v4 cache. Translates DNSv6 to DNSv4 Query Relays DNS Response after appendingTRT-prefix

  37. IPv6 Impacts on 3GPP Terminals • Three functionality groups:[draft-ietf-ipv6-cellular-host-03.txt] • Basic IPv6 Functionality: Basic parts of IPv6 Path MTU Discovery [RFC 1981], Addressing Architecture [RFC 2373], IPv6 Specification [RFC 2460], Neighbor Unreachability Detection [RFC 2461], Stateless Address Autoconfiguration [RFC 2462], ICMP for IPv6 [RFC 2463], IPv6 over PPP [RFC 2472],...etc • IP Security:IP Security (IPsec) details for cellular hosts Many RFCs... • IP Mobility: IP Mobility details for cellular hosts Mobile IPv6 is not yet a RFC.... IPv6 Features UMTS Architecture UMTS End-to-End Services Impacts of IPv6 Summary

  38. Open Issues for IPv6 in 3GPP • Recommendations for IPv6 in 3GPP Standards (April 2002) • [draft-ietf-ipv6-3gpp-recommend-02.txt] • Multiple prefixes may be assigned to each primary PDP context • SGSN will be informed of each prefixthat is currently assignedto a PDP context • A given prefix must not be assigned to morethan one primary PDP context • GGSN view each primary PDP context as a single IPv6 subnet • Allow 3GPP nodes to use multiple identifiers within those prefixes, including randomly generated identifiers. • UE can generate and use privacy addresses IPv6 Features UMTS Architecture UMTS End-to-End Services Impacts of IPv6 Summary

  39. Open Issues for IPv6 in general • IPv6 Transition Solutions for 3GPP Networks • draft-wiljakka-3gpp-ipv6-transition-00.txt • Latest update from 54th IETF, Yokohama • Nokia is favouring NAT64/46 as it has less security problems • IMS is the most challenging as I-CSCF and S-CSCF will need transition solutions to connect to external IPv4-only networks. • Dual Stack is recommended for the UEs. • IPv6/v4 interworking should be done in the network andnot in the UE. • Don‘t recommend tunneling over air like (DSTM or 6over4)but if needed ROHC will help IPv6 Features UMTS Architecture UMTS End-to-End Services Impacts of IPv6 Summary

  40. Open Issues for IPv6 in general • ISP‘s view: Latest update from 54th IETF, Yokohama • MIPv6 not yet standardized. • Transition mechanisms have to be simple ones • 6over4 tunneling, NAT-PT/TRT is the best and perhaps enough. • Multicast DNS (LLMNR) necessary for IPv6 deployment • Key Applications for ISPs are not yet IPv6 ready.... • BIND (DNS) • – v8 : No IPv6 support • v9 : not ready for heavy duty production use. • Qmail (Mail Transfer Agent) – with unofficial patches for IPv6. • Squid (Web Proxy Server) – IPv6 is only experimental basis. IPv6 Features UMTS Architecture UMTS End-to-End Services Impacts of IPv6 Summary

  41. Contents: • IPv6 features • UMTS Architecture • UMTS End-to-End Services • Impacts of IPv6 • Summary

  42. Summary IPv6 benefits to Mobile Network Operators: • Auto configuration • Embedded encryption support and authentication • Embedded mobility • Internet provider selection • Efficient packet processing in routers IPv6 Features UMTS Architecture UMTS End-to-End Services Impacts of IPv6 Summary IPv6 benefits to Mobile End Users: • Easy management & auto configuration • Efficient address allocation • Renumbering possible

  43. Summary: IPv6 Features UMTS Architecture UMTS End-to-End Services Impacts of IPv6 Summary

  44. Summary: • IPv6 in 3GPP: • IPv6 is mandatory in UTRAN. • Backbone UMTS network will be IPv4 initially, but ultimately IPv6shall be used. • 3GPP R5 IMS uses IPv6 exclusively. • IPv6 in IETF: • IPv6 Core Specifications achieved Draft Standard status. • IPv6 Specs at Proposed Standard level are stable for more than2 years now. • Large-scale deployment is underway…. • Open Issues: • MIPv6 not yet RFC • DNS for IPv6 • Killer applications are yet to be developed for IPv6.... IPv6 Features UMTS Architecture UMTS End-to-End Services Impacts of IPv6 Summary

  45. Thank you !!!

  46. Backup Backup

  47. 00 60 97 aa 55 af ff fe 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 “Universal/Local“ (U/L) bit 1 = globally unique Interface Identifier (64-bit) 02 : 60 : 97 : ff : fe : aa : 55 : af Address Autoconfiguration: 48bit MAC Address to EUI-64 Interface Identifier (one of the method to form Interface Identifier!!!) Motivation IPv6 Features Transition IPv6 in 3GPP Status in IETF Implementations & Applications Summary & Conclusion MAC Address (48-bit) 00 : 60 : 97 : aa : 55 : af 00 60 97 aa 55 af Back

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