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People and Ideas on the Move: Role of Ancient nomads

People and Ideas on the Move: Role of Ancient nomads. What are some reasons people might migrate? Generally came from areas unfavorable to agriculture Ex. Steppes, Deserts, Plains, Mountains

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People and Ideas on the Move: Role of Ancient nomads

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  1. People and Ideas on the Move: Role of Ancient nomads • What are some reasons people might migrate? • Generally came from areas unfavorable to agriculture • Ex. Steppes, Deserts, Plains, Mountains • What animals and technology were adapted by the nomads? Camels, horses, reindeers,chariot,iron metallurgy. religion • Were they conquerors? Assimilators? Diffusers

  2. People and Ideas on the Move 8000 b.c.E – 600 b.c.E Nomads as travelers, tour-guides and merchants Spreading language, technology and religion

  3. Migratory Civilizations in E. Europe/ W. Asia • Hebrews- religion Hittites- iron smelting • Aryans • religion

  4. Sub-Saharan Africa • Bantus: Spread iron metallurgy and agriculurestarting 1200 B.CE • 2000 year pattern of settlement( first Jene-jene in Niger River Valley) • May have been dense population or conflict over scarce resources

  5. Aryans (1500 B.C.E – 250 B.C.E) • Pastoral(herding) People • Occupy modern day Iran, Pakistan, Afghanistan, India

  6. Aryans (1500 B.C. – 250 B.C.) • Little archeological (earthen) record • Kept records using: Vedas (intellectual) • Sacred literature (prayers, magical spells, instructions for performing rituals)(intellectual-religions) • – Sanskrit(written language)

  7. Aryan Civilization Cont. • Development of a Caste System( social/religious) • What is a Caste System? Syncretism- two uniquely different cultures blended into one • Aryan’s portray a feeling of superiority over other races(ethnic aor racially based) • Aryan (nobles) vs. Dasas (Indian peoples known as slaves) • Aryan Caste system is composed of multiple social classes:social • Brahmins (priests) • Warriors • Peasants or Traders • Sudras (non-Aryan laborers or craftspeople) • Caste is for life, determined work, marriage, eating arrangements

  8. Caste System Cont. (Brahmins) Priests Warriors Traders (Shudras) Laborers Based on principles of Samsara(reincarnation), Dharma(duties) and Karma (collection of deeds)

  9. Hinduism Develops • Intermingling of Aryans and Non-Aryans leads to development of Hinduism • As Hindu teachers attempt to explain Vedic hymns, their comments are written down as Upanishads • These Upanishads later become the basis for the Hindu faith • Hinduism (750-550BC) • No single founder • No single set of ideas • See religion as a way to liberate the soul from the illusions, disappointments, and mistakes of everyday existence

  10. Hinduism • Believe that persons can achieve moksha, a state of perfect understanding of all things • A person must understand the relationship between the atman (soul of a living being) and Brahman (world soul responsible for uniting all atmans) to achieve perfect understanding or moksha • This understanding comes through a process of reincarnation, in which an individual soul or spirit is born again • Karma (the following of good or bad deeds from one reincarnation to another) • Determine life status , opportunity, etc..

  11. Hinduism • Hinduism and the caste structure developed during the Aryan time period still dominate individual life • As a result, Hindus are coerced into looking to religion for guidance in order to better their chances in future lives

  12. Origins of Judaism • Hebrews settled in Canaan • Modern day: Israel, Lebanon, Jordan, Syria, Egypt • The land God had “promised to the Hebrew people”

  13. Origins of Judaism • Early knowledge of Judaism comes from the Torah • Torah: first five (5) books of the Hebrew Bible: Genesis. Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy • Abraham is chosen by God to be the “father” of the Hebrew people • Moves his people to Canaan (1800 B.C.E) • Hebrews are Monotheists: God = Yahweh • Covenant between Yahweh and Abraham protects Hebrews

  14. Exodus • Famine causes Hebrews to migrate to Egypt from Canaan = forced into slavery • Exodus (1300-1200 B.C.): Hebrews fled Egypt • Remembered during Passover • Instructed to leave blood of a spring lamb • “Festival of the unleavened bread” • Moses led Hebrews out of slavery

  15. New Covenant • Ten Commandments • Spoken to Moses on Mount Sinai (2 stone tablets) • Basis for civil and religious law in Judaism • Formed a covenant between God and the Hebrew people

  16. COMP: Nomadic Thesis • From 4000 B.C.E- 600 B.C.E both the Aryans of South Asia and the Hebrews of the Middle East settled into sedentary societies where their beliefs birthed some of the worlds oldest religions, however the Hebrews assimilated into Mesopotamian and Egyptian culture while the Aryans came in and conquered the indigenous culture and the Hebrews provided laws ( Talmud, Torah)which were provided by a monotheistic God and the Aryans provided a guidelines based on a polytheistic narrative (Rig Vedas).

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