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Greek Prehistory

Greek Prehistory . By Jesenia Cordero 1/11/10 3B. Greece Location & Myths. Greek is a peninsula called Balkan Peninsula It isolated because of it’s land structure that has hills and mountains to form polis ( city-states)

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Greek Prehistory

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  1. Greek Prehistory By Jesenia Cordero 1/11/10 3B

  2. Greece Location & Myths • Greek is a peninsula called Balkan Peninsula • It isolated because of it’s land structure that has hills and mountains to form polis ( city-states) • Surrounded by three sides of the Mediterranean Sea (fishing for food also used coins to pay) The Meaning of Mythology • Religious, Explain human emotion, How to Behave if not punishment from Greek Gods • Oral tradition • Polytheism-belief in many gods • Olympus- home of Gods • Hades- land of dead

  3. Gods • Zeus- King of gods • Hera- Wife of Zeus • Apollo- God of sun • Artemis- God of Hunt • Aphrodite- God of Love • Ares- God of War • Poseidon- god of Sea • Hermes- Massager god Gods Live on • Art and Architecture • Images of Venus • Literature (Iliad and Odyssey) • Movies • Sports • Achilles (Greek)

  4. Athens • Aristocracy • Rule by elite, rich class • Election • Anarchy • Tyranny • Total control by a single archon (ruler who served one-year terms) • Times of preambles • Some worked for reform • Tyrants • Draco- first code of laws,Harsh law of Draconian law • Solon- reformer • Clisthenes- Father of Athenian Democracy, organized in tribes “demes” • Democracy • Ecclesia- Assembly, made laws • Citizens- Men ages of 20 and up • Clisthenes- Direct Democray Government • Capital of Greece- Athens • Direct democracy- Citizens (made laws) • Public debate • Duties of citizen • Citizen were the males • Women (stayed in homes), slaves, and foreigners no political rights or few Stages • Monarchy • Aristocracy • Tyranny • Democracy Rulers • Draco • Solon • Peisistratus • Cleisthenes

  5. Sparta Government • Totalitarian- complete total control over the lives of it’s citizens (Sparta) • Oligarchy (rule by a small group) • Rich Family • Rigid Social Structure • War Industry Things they did • Took over Mercia • Force other to work on farmland • Military (arms) • Babies who are no strong stay out of Sparta • Isolation • Women Free and train

  6. Persian Wars • Greeks in Asia Minor rebelled against the Persians Darius • conquered Thrace and Macedonia • crushed Greek revolts in Asia Minor (Persian ruler) Xerxes • Led the 300 Spartans to fight ( son of Darius) • Battle of Thermopylae • Themistocles; Athena's leader (ask to leave or escape) Athens was destroyed • Athenians and Spartans defeat the Persians at Plataea Delian League • An alliance of city-states with Athens as leader • Athens built an empire Age of Pericles • Was a great general, orator, and statesmen • Pericles help public office Peloponnesian War • Tensions between Athens and Sparta • Sparta won

  7. Art • Architecture- temples, gymnasiums, and the theater/ Parthenon (temple honor of Athena) • Painting- comes from written descriptions/ illustrated mythological event • Sculpture- Myron and Phidias; Myron (The Discus Thrower); Phidias (Athena) also Zeus at the Temple of Olympia ; Praxiteles Style of Idea: • Glorified human beings • Symbolized Greek’s pride • Beliefs in harmony, balance, order, and moderation • Combining beauty and usefulness

  8. Philosophy • Philosophy- the study of basic questions of reality and human existence (lover of wisdom) • Democritus- stated that everything is made up of tiny bits of matter called atoms • Socrates- education is important; think logically and asking questions (Socratic Method; teachings) • Plato- (Student of Socrates) government, education, justice and religion (theory of Forms) soul and body creation of god • Aristotle- (Student of Plato) every field of knowledge had to be studied logically. (Ethics)- what brings people happiness, (poetics)- good or bad play monarchy, aristocracy , and democracy were equally good forms of government. (study anatomy, botany and zoology)

  9. Math, Medicine, & Science • Pythagoras- explain in math the length of the longest side of a right triangle can be found if the lengths of the two shorter sides are known (Pythagorean Theorem) • Gods and supernatural forces ( natural law) • Hippocrates- founder of medical studies, disease come from natural causes. His methods was that medical treatment should be based on reason, rather than magic. This was called (Hippocratic oath)

  10. History and Theater • Drama- plays containing action or dialogue and involving conflict and emotion (performed in connection with religious festivals) example: Great Dionysus • Tragedies- main character struggle against fate or events. • Hubris-the sin of pride • Sophocles (Oedipus Rex) • Euripides (the Trojan Women) • Comedies (Aristophanes History • Herodotus (father of history) • Thucydides (history of the Peloponnesian War) work on accurate and fact

  11. Alexander the Great • Born in 356 B.C.E in the kingdom of Macedonia • Died at age of 32 in Babylon • Ruled the largest empire in the world Conquered • Thebes • Egypt • Persia • India Phalanx: contained rows of soldiers standing shoulder to shoulder like in this picture here

  12. Hellenistic Culture • Before Alexander the Great died he spread the his culture all around • The library at Alexandria held much of Hellenistic world’s knowledge and literature • Hellenistic women more often in public and won new rights regarding property • Zeno – Established the Stoic philosophy in Athens in the late 300s B.C. • Epicurus- was the founder of Epicurean philosophy (taught the aim of life is to seek pleasure and avoid pain) • Euclid- Contributed extremely important work to the development of geometry • Archimedes- calculated the value of pi • Herophilus- concluded that the brain is the center of the nervous system • Aristarchus- Correctly believed that the earth and other planets moved around the sun

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