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PSYC 235: Research Methods

PSYC 235: Research Methods. ALT DESIGN. Quasi Experiments. Differences between lab and natural experiments. Control Internal validity External validity Basic and applied goals Consequences Practical limitations GOALS – to ENHANCE internal and external validity.

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PSYC 235: Research Methods

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  1. PSYC 235: Research Methods ALT DESIGN

  2. Quasi Experiments

  3. Differences between lab and natural experiments • Control • Internal validity • External validity • Basic and applied goals • Consequences • Practical limitations • GOALS – to ENHANCE internal and external validity

  4. Control – threats to internal validity • History (events other than tx) • Maturation • Repeated testing • Instrumentation changes • Regression to the mean • Selection and interaction with selection • Subject mortality and attrition

  5. External Validity - generalizability • Subjects • Situations • Task • Time

  6. Basic and applied goals

  7. Subject variables: e.g. developmental research • Correlation does not equal causation!!!! • Cross sectional • Longitudinal • Time lag • Cross sequential • Major confounds of each

  8. Combining Quasi and True IV • E.g. age + ritalin, diagnosis + task difficulty, gender + video content • Importance of the interaction

  9. Natural Treatments – ex post facto • Smoking in the psychiatric ward • Improving the basic design • Non-equivalent conrtol group

  10. Interrupted time series • Will lowering the BAC from .1 to .08 reduce drunk-driving fatalities? • Do people drink more in college than at other times )or other places)? • Do women who wear more makeup make more money than women who don’t? • Would eliminating PSYC 235 from the curriculum increase the number of psychology majors?

  11. Small n research • Nomothetic versus Idiographic • Advantages of each • Disadvantages of each

  12. Small n: Applied Behavior Analysis • Skinnerian versus statistical traditions • Designs • AB • ABA • ABAB • Alternating treatments (e.g. ABCA) • Example: Behavioral Contrast • Multiple baseline designs

  13. Psychophysical designs • Signal detection theory • Discriminability (d’) • Bias (B)

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