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On the Edge of the Medieval West

On the Edge of the Medieval West. The Role of Byzantine and Islamic Civilization in European Society . I. The Martel Boys. The man who would be (and finally was) King Charles & the Battle of Tours 732 CE “The Hammer”.

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On the Edge of the Medieval West

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  1. On the Edge of the Medieval West The Role of Byzantine and Islamic Civilization in European Society

  2. I. The Martel Boys The man who would be (and finally was) King Charles & the Battle of Tours 732 CE “The Hammer”

  3. A. Empire reborn? 1. Charlemagner. 768-814 Christmas Day 800- Holy Roman Empire- Irene & Leo (III)

  4. B. Carolingian Renaissance • Romanesque/ Gothic society - Reformed the clergy pagan influences universities monasteries - Forced conversions

  5. Legacy of the Carolingians… - Church props up Carolingians to deal with Byzantine & Muslim “threats” - Withstood new invasions ca. 700+ (Vikings, Magyars, Muslims) End of the “Dark Ages”?

  6. II. The Byzantines

  7. A. Cosmopolitan • Crossroads of civilization Urban Hellenistic Latin Christian Persian Semitic Islamic

  8. 2. What price peace?- Theodosius 347-395 Goths Theodosian Code- Zeno 425-491 Ostrogoths / Franks

  9. 3. Re-Hellenization of the East- urban life- civilian bureaucrats- dependent aristocracy- Limits to Church powermonasteries Imperial agents

  10. B. Autocratic • Circus, circus- Nika Revolt, 532

  11. 2.Justinianr. 527-565 Roman and not “individualism w/o freedom” - no republican pretense Theodora

  12. C. Militaristic • One Emperor, one empire

  13. D. Legal legacy 1.Corpus Iuris civilis ca. 530 (Justinian Code) “The maxims of law are these: to live honestly, to hurt no one, to give everyone his due.” Civil Law – establish principle first Archivists of the Classics

  14. E. Claim to Orthodoxy 1.Metaphysical Christianity Hagia Sophia

  15. Monophysite heresy

  16. II. Islam

  17. A. Origins • Bedouin life- Abrahamic • Shrines [the Ka’aba] - “safe zones”

  18. B. Muhammad 570-632 • Suras “divine messages” 610 - the Qur’an “Recitation”

  19. Progressive populist - critique of elites - strict monotheism al’Ilah “the God” salama, or “islam” = submit to God’s will Final prophet?

  20. C. Birth of Islamic Civilization • Hijra– “departure” to Medina 622 CE Umma “community” or bond of faith faith over tribe

  21. 2.Jihad “holy struggle” - Mosaicsurvival and social justiceinternal and external627 – victory over Meccapurge of idols

  22. Succession- Muhammad’s death 632 - Abu Bakr d. 634 Caliph, “successor”

  23. D. Islam & medieval Christianity • Hebraic ancestry, Greek philosophy • The Five Pillars of IslamThere is no god but Allah, and Muhammad is his prophet Fixed prayer time Contribute to charities Season of fasting (Ramadan) One pilgrimage to Mecca

  24. 3. Authority – religious and secular- Christianity and Rome • Shari’a state “required path”- religious community responsible for social justice- Islamic law can govern secular activity Medieval West often divided between Church-political conflict…Islamic world largely avoids this problem during early expansion

  25. III. The Islamic World The Truth must be taken wherever it is to be found,whether it be in the past or among strange peoples.- Ya’qub al-Kindi Alhambra Palace, Spain

  26. A. Liberation Islam • Byzantine trouble - Abu Bakr & Umar “Wars of Reconversion”

  27. B. Leadership • Succession 656 - Ali (son-in law) vs. Uthman (Umayyad) • Shi’a“party of Ali”- hidden Imam • Sunnis“orthodox”- historic dynasties

  28. C. Umayyad Caliphate 660-750 • Mediterranean conquest- elitist / Arab “nationalism” Damascus

  29. D. Abbasid Caliphate 750-1258 • non-Arab revoltBaghdadWhoever speaks Arabic is an Arab Hellenistic, Persian, North African + Arabic

  30. E. Flowering of Islamic civilization 1.Intellect, humanity and the divine “Golden Age of Translation” • Greek logic & medicine • Persian / Egyptian math astronomy

  31. Trade

  32. F. Things to come • Divisions- ca. 1000, 3 Caliphates Abbasid Umayyad (Spain) Fatimid (North Africa)- Emirs- Sunnis & Shi’a

  33. Outsiders- Berbers, Seljuk Turks- Christian Jihad, 1100s-1200s The Crusades

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