R & D Activities of Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Technologies in China

1. Symposium on Utilization of Renewable Energy Sept. 27－28, Dalian, China R & D Activities of Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Technologies in China Xinhe BAO Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics (DICP) Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)

2. History of Fuel Cell R & D in China 1960’s AFC for Space use , DICP et. al. 1980’s MCFC for Station, JiaoTong Uni, DICP 1995- PEFC for Electr. Vehicles, DICP, Shenli, Fuyuan, Green Power 1995- SOFC, DICP and Shanghai Institute of Ceramics 1998- DAFC, DICP and Changchun Institute of Appl. Chem.

3.  Beijing     Dalian  Lanzhou Xi’an   Shanghai Sichuan  Hong Kong Active Maps of Fuel Cell R & D in China Companies in Fuel Cells • Dalian Sunrise Power Co. Ltd. (DICP) • Shanghai Shenli Company • Beijing Fuyuan Company • Beijing Green Power Company • NanFu Corp. in DMFC (DICP) Academic Institutions • Dalian Institute of Chem. Phys. (DICP) • Tsinghua University • Wuhan University  PEFC  DAFC  SOFC

4. Funds From Government for Fuel Cell—9th Five-Year Plan • Project: Fuel Cell Technology • Supported by MOST and CAS • $5 million • Leading Institution: DICP

5. Funds From Government for Fuel Cell—10th Five-Year Plan • 863 Key Project • Fuel Cell Vehicle for Car and Bus • $25 million • Supported by MOST • Fuel Cell Key Material • Membrane, Bipolar Plate • 863 Future Energy • DMFC, MCFC and SOFC

6. Funds From Government for Fuel Cell—10th Five-Year Plan • 973 Project • Hydrogen Energy (including Fuel Cells) • NSFC • New Material, New Concept in Fuel Cells • CAS Key Project • Fuel Cell Engine and Hydrogen Technology • Industry • Hydrogen Production from Natural Gas, Methanol and Gasoline

7. Status Scale Application s R&D I n stitution s AFC s topped 1 k W system Space DICP, Tianjin Institute of Power Source PEMFC a ctive 1 - 1 50 k W Electric Vehicle DICP, Shanghai Shenli DMFC v ery active 1 - 500W Miniature Power DICP , Vehicle ? Changchun I nstitute of Applied Chemistry MCFC l ess active 1k W Stationary Power Shanghai Jiaotong Uni . Station DICP SOFC v ery active 1 00W - 1 k W Stationary Power Shanghai Institute of Station Ceramics, Vehicle ? DICP Status of Fuel Cells in China

8. Current Status of Fuel Cell R & D in DICP

9. Research Activities at Dalian Institute of Chem. Phys.DICP, CAS

10. DICP Campus for Research National Center of Hydrogen and Fuel Cell

11. State Key Laboratory of Catalysis State Key Laboratory of Molecular Dynamics Basic Research Laboratory of New Energy Sources Laboratory of Chemical Lasers Laboratory of Materials National Key Projects Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Laboratory of Environmental Engineering Laboratory of Natural Gas Chemical Engineering and Applied Catalysis Division of Bio-Technology Applied Research Research Organization Total of the Researchers: 1300

12. State Key Laboratory of Catalysis State Key Laboratory of Molecular Dynamics State Key Laboratory Membrane Sci. & Tech. Catalysis Hydrogen and Fuel Cell National Eng. Center China-France on Catalysis CAS-BP on Clean Energy Facing the Future CAS-MPG Partner Group on Nano-Catalysis DICP-Sumsung on Fuel Cell DICP-Lilly on Analysis and Fine Chemicals International Joint Labs International and National Research Organizations at DICP

13. CAS/Tsinghua B P Steering committee Secretariat at DICP Prof. W. Li, Prof. Ni, Dr. Wittrig, Dr. Fleisch,Dr. Walker, Mr. Luk Dr. X Zhang, Prof. Bao Dr. Xuelian Pan Ms Xuemei Hu PI, Prof. Xinhe Bao Prof. Ni Prof. Xu Prof. Li Prof. Ding Prof. Tian Prof. Bao Prof. Xu Prof. Li Prof. Dong Prof.Cheng Prof. Shen Prof.Yang Prof. Chen Stratergy Group 1 DME Group 2 F-T Group 3 Aromatic Group 4 D-Conversion Group 5 H2 Storage Group 6 Membrane Group 7 BP－CAS Research Center BP-China Research program

14. Applied Researches • Sustainable Energy • Fine Chemicals • Environmental Protection • Bio-Technologies • Bio-materials (Cell Capsule, nano-materials) • Bio-Fuel (Bio-catalysis, enzymes) • Traditional Chinese Medicine • Active products from Marine (Sponges )

15. Sustainable Energy • Optimal Utilization of Natural Gas • Production of Syngas via Low-cost Process • Syngas Chemistry including FT and Oxygenate Synthesis • Direct conversion of Methane • Hydrogen Energy • Hydrogen Production from Natural Gas, Lower Alkanes and Resid as well as Methanol • Hydrogen Production via Bio-technology • Separation of Hydrogen from Carbon Monoxide and Carbon Dioxide by membranes • Fuel Cell • Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) • Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) • Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (DMFC) • Micro Fuel Cell and Micro Sensors

16. 2003.10 2003.8 2002 2000 100kW 90kW 75kW Fuel Cell Engines 30kW Development of PE Fuel Cell at DICP

17. PE Fuel Cell Engine for City Bus Dalian Institute of Chem. Phys. (DICP), Tsinghua Uni.

18. PE Fuel Cell Engine for Car Shengli, Dalian Institute of Chem. Phys. (DICP), Tongji Uni.

19. FCE System and Accessories Dalian Institute of Chem. Phys. (DICP)

20. Performance comparison on DMFCPeak Power Density/Air 300 DICP 1 atm DICP 2 atm CSE 250 Others 1 atm Los Alamos Others 2 atm DICP Others 3 atm 200 Others 4-5 atm Johnson-Matthey 150 Peak Power Density (mW/cm2) JPL MTI MicroFuel Cells (O2) Los Alamos 100 JPL DICP 50 JPL Samsung Motorola Los Alamos 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 Temperature (°C) Data from Headwaters Nanokinetix Inc. USA, July 2003

21. DMFC for Laptop Direct Alcohol Fuel Cells 200 W DMFC Dalian Institute of Chem. Phys. (DICP)

22. Solid Oxide Fuel Cells 80 0 W Stack Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, CAS

23. Reforming of Methane, Methanol Gasoline, Diesel DICP No current research activity • Fuel cell • Combustion • DICP, Shengli • Beijing companies CO2 Sequest. Electric vehicle Portable power Distributed power station DICP, Shengli Tsinghua, Tongji Risk evaluation Fundamental research,DICP Metal hydrides,Shanghai, Beijing Carbon nanotube,Shenyang Metal polymer,DICP Hydrogen Economy Distribution Manufacture Transformation Utilization Storage

24. Methanol Reforming Gasoline Reforming Hydrogen Manufacture

25. O2 CH4, H2O Catalyst Bed Refractory Water Jacket Gas Outlet On-Site Hydrogen with ATR of Methane • Advantages: • The safety would be reliable • The operating cost and the capital cost would be lowered

26. Typical CNTs Derived from Benzene and Methane ShenYang Institute of Metal Research, CAS

27. Summary of the experimental results for the CNTs CNT1 CNT2 CNT3 CNT4 Mean outer diameter (nm) 10 30 50 70 Mean inner diameter (nm) 2-5 2-5 2-5 2-5 Hydrogen adsorption capacity (wt%) 2.5 3.3 4.0 4.6 Hydrogen desorption capacity (wt%) 1.5 2.1 2.7 3.2 BET surface area (m2/g) (before storage) 178 155 75 25 BET surface area (m2/g) (after storage) 162 155 75 24 ShenYang Institute of Metal Research, CAS

28. C6H12 C6H12 Fuel cell 3H2 Cap. ~7% C6H6 C6H12 H2 Storage by Chem. Process In site: 6CH4 C6H6 +9H2 In site: C6H6 +3H2 C6H12 On board: C6H12 C6H6 +3H2

29. Prospective of China Fuel Cells • National 863 Electric Vehicle DICP, Sunrise Power Shanghai Shengli • 2008 Beijing Olympic Game • 2010 Shanghai World Exhibition

30. The Challenges and Opportunities • Improvement of fuel cell • Performance, Stability, Reliability and Economy. • Low cost hydrogen • Onsite natural gas reformers, Coal reformers. • Safe and economic hydrogen storage both for transportation and at the refuelling station. • Options for CO2 capture and storage • Codes and standards for hydrogen suitable for retail stations • Public education on the advantages of hydrogen.

31. FC By-product Hydrogen Stationary Fuel Cell 储电 Water Electrolysis Wind Power System HHEG Fuel Cell Vehicle/Bus Biomass Energy Zone Planned Hydrogen Park in Dalian

32. To Enhance Comprehensive Cooperation at DICP • Special funds for international cooperation and exchange ($0.1 million per year for travel and accommodation) • Special funds for scientific symposia in DICP ($0.12 million per year for scientific program and costs) • Open grants and projects for joint research

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