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Chapter 4

Chapter 4 . Kellyn Montgomery Libby Killian. Psychodynamic Theory. Personality development and emotional problems Internal drives that are often unconscious . Psychodynamic Theorists. Sigmund Freud People possess 3 basic drives Sexual Drive Survival Instincts Drive for Destructiveness

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Chapter 4

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  1. Chapter 4 Kellyn Montgomery Libby Killian

  2. Psychodynamic Theory • Personality development and emotional problems • Internal drives that are often unconscious

  3. Psychodynamic Theorists • Sigmund Freud • People possess 3 basic drives • Sexual Drive • Survival Instincts • Drive for Destructiveness • Personality was defined by 3 structures • Id- drives a person to achieve satisfaction • Ego- forms a person sense of self • Superego- moral side

  4. Psychodynamic Theorists • Erik Erikson • Most influential psychoanalyst alive today • American developmental psychologist • Helped to broaden and expand psychoanalytic theory • Stages of Psychosocial Development theory

  5. Psychodynamic Theorists Erickson’s Theory of Psychosocial Development

  6. Behaviorist Theory • Describes development and learning • “the most distinctively American contribution to psychology” • Behavior is learned and can be modified or changed by varying external conditions

  7. Behaviorist Theorists • Ivan Pavlov • Russian Physiologist, association of involuntary reflexes- classical conditioning • John B. Watson • American Theorist, gave scientific validity that teachers should set conditions for learning and reward proper responses

  8. Behaviorist Theorists • Edward L. Thorndike • “Godfather of Standardized Testing”, • “Stimulus Response” technique • helped develop scales to measure student achievement • B.F. Skinner • Created the doctrine of “empty organism”, maintained that there is no behavior that cannot be modified

  9. Behaviorist Theorists • Albert Bandura • Developed social learning, believed in modeling in children worked • provided “stronger evidence that exposure to filmed aggression heightens aggressive human and cartoon models on film exhibited nearly twice as much aggression than did subjects in the control group who were not exposed to the aggressive film content”

  10. Cognitive Theory • Describes the structure and development of the human thought process • How the processes affect the way a person understand and perceives the world

  11. Cognitive Theorists • Jean Jacques Piaget • Most exciting research theorist in child development • Studied both thought processes and how they changed with age

  12. Sociocultural Theory • Focuses on a child as a whole • Incorporates ideas of cultures and values into a child's development • Particularly the areas of language and self identity

  13. Sociocultural Theorists • Lev Vygotsky • Focuses on values and traditions are transmitted into the next generation • Like Erickson, he believe the connection between culture and development particularly the interpersonal connection between the child and other important people

  14. Ecological Theory • Development is based on forces outside the child

  15. Ecological Theorists • Urie Bronfenbrenner • 4 systems that influence Human Development • Exosystem • Microsystem • Microsystem • Chronsystem

  16. Multiple Intelligences Theory • Asserts that there is strong evidence from the brain based research and from the study geniuses that there are at least 8 different intelligences

  17. Multiple Intelligences Theory • Howard Gardener

  18. Maturation Theory • The process of physical and mental growth that is determined by heredity

  19. Maturation Theorists • Arnold Gesell • Physician intrigued with emotion that children internal clocks go with their aggression and behavior

  20. Humanistic Theory • 2 parts of this theory Psychodynamic and Behaviorism • A place in early childhood education because it attempts to explain how people are motivated • Focuses on peoples needs, goals and successes

  21. Humanistic Theorists • Maslow • Asserts that every human being is influence by basic needs regardless of gender, race, gene etc.] • Basic need is • Who's absence breeds illness • Who's presence prevents illness • Who's respiration cures illness • Preferred by the deprived person over other satisfactions over certain conditions • Found to be inactive at low ebb

  22. Nature vs. Nurture • Some say It’s determined by our inherited genes • Others say the driving force is our upbringing and the nurturing we get from our parents. • Nature is that which is inherited / genetic. • Nurture which refers to all environmental influences after conception, i.e. experience • http://www.simplypsychology.org/naturevsnurture.html • http://blog.smu.edu/research/2010/12/01/new-child-development-theory-bridges-nature-vs-nurture-parental-guidance-shapes-childs-strengths/

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