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Unit 8: Single-Subject Designs

Unit 8: Single-Subject Designs. Chat until class starts. Unit 8 Assignments. Reading: Ch. 11, pp. 338-343 Chapter 12 Seminar : We will discuss developmental designs and single-subject designs.

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Unit 8: Single-Subject Designs

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  1. Unit 8: Single-Subject Designs Chat until class starts

  2. Unit 8 Assignments • Reading: Ch. 11, pp. 338-343 Chapter 12 • Seminar: We will discuss developmental designs and single-subject designs. • Discussion: You need to answer both discussion questions in a response of at least 350 words or longer. Also, provide a minimum of 2 thoughtful responses per thread (4 total) to other student posts that are at least 75 words.

  3. Longitudinal Design • Cross-Sectional Design • Several participants from different age groups • Advantages and Disadvantages of this design • Longitudinal Design • Follow one group of participants over time • Advantages and Disadvantages of this design • Cohort-Sequential Design • Combine 2 developmental designs & looks at generation effects

  4. Single-Subject Designs Why Use Single-Subject Designs? • Problems involved because of variance between participants • This method works because of the following: 1) large no. of observations from 1 participant, 2) rigid control of variables, and 3) focus on effects of powerful variables • Three types of single-subject designs: 1) Baseline, 2) Dynamic, and 3) Discrete Trials

  5. Baseline Design Explanation • Baseline: Start out by creating a behavioral baseline until stability criterion is met • Intervention: Expose participant to each experimental condition a couple times • Reversal: Back to Baseline Issues with Baseline Designs • Uncontrolled Variability • Problem Baselines • Other Issues Types of Single-Subject Baseline Designs

  6. Dynamic & Discrete Trial Designs Dynamic Design Explanation • Focus on moment-by-moment changes of participants. • Continuously varying independent variable Discrete Trials Design • Emphasis on the performance of a single individual • Several behavior measures are averaged to provide a gauge of behavior over different treatment conditions

  7. Advantages & Disadvantages of Single-Subject Designs • Inferential Statistics & Single-Subject Designs • Advantages • Intensive investigation of a single individual & adjustment of variables • Can lead to new discoveries • Causal relationships can be established • Disadvantages • Intensive investigation of individual & long-term time commitment • Inappropriate for many research applications • Carryover effects • Problems with internal validity • Trouble controlling extraneous variables • Limited Generality

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