Emerging Educational Practices for More Original Writing

1. June 30 2008 Emerging Educational Practices for MoreOriginal Writing Robyne Lovelock, ALDIS Associates P\L

2. Turnitin was founded and is run by educators committed to academic ethics ALDIS Associates represents iParadigms in the Asia Pacific Region

3. Today’s session • Introduction to Turnitin • Current situation of cheating and plagiarism around the world • The growth of web usage and the Turnitin service • CURRENT Digital Assessment Suite modules • NEW developments – beta release • Support • Additional examples of Originality Reports

4. “How Education Works” 4

5. How It All Started “The World Wide Web as an Instructional Tool” By John M. Barrie and David E. Presti Science • Vol.274 • 18 OCTOBER 1996 5

6. But a Big Question Remained “For the future, we will need to address questions such as how issues surrounding intellectual property and academic honesty are to be resolved.” 6

7. Corruption in Education Is Growing Worldwide, Unesco Reportshttp://www.unesco.org/iiep/PDF/pubs/synth_ethics.pdf?class=IIEP_PDF_pubs&page=Corrupt%20schools,%20corrupt%20universities&estat_url=http://www.unesco.org/iiep/PDF/pubs/synth_ethics.pdf • Corruption is endemic in many education systems around the world, undermining them and costing governments billions of dollars, according to a new report from Unesco, the United Nations' education-and-science agency. • The report, "Corrupt Schools, Corrupt Universities: What Can Be Done?," presents the results of a research project on ethics and corruption in education that the International Institute for Educational Planning, a Unesco body, has conducted since 2001. • National education systems in the developing world are especially vulnerable to pervasive corruption, the report's authors, Jacques Hallak and Muriel Poisson, say, but widespread ethics violations are by no means confined to those regions. In parts of the world, the report said, such as in some universities in the former Soviet Union, "admission to universities is entirely corrupt.“ By AISHA LABI, Paris Chronicle of Higher Education - USA

8. “Academic High Treason” The practice of plagiarism is a form of academic high treason because it undermines the entire scholarly enterprise. How else do professors decide between a good and a bad student, evaluate a candidate for an academic position, or grant promotion to a fellow faculty member, if not on the basis of the belief that their written work is actually their own work? ACADEMIC PLAGIARISM DEFINED By Professor Irving Hexham Department of Religious Studies University of Calgary Published on Sunday, August 26, 2007 http://www.distance-educator.com/dnews/modules.php?op=modload&name=News&file=article&sid=15562

9. “ACADEMIC PLAGIARISM DEFINED” Therefore, plagiarism must be prevented at all levels of academic life from student papers to academic books. Nevertheless, care must be taken whenever one suspects a writer of plagiarism. It cannot be stressed enough that everyone makes a few mistakes and that genuine cases of similar use may occur.

10. “ACADEMIC PLAGIARISM DEFINED” Consequently, what must be identified are patterns of behavior, repetitive practices, and clear indications of an attempt to deceive.

11. Worldwide Usage The largest online academic community in the world Turnitin has > 8,400 institutional clients, in over 106 countries.

12. 10,000x Web Growth Since 1996 In 1996, the entire Web was ~ 200 GB As of Jan. 2005, the web was 11.5 billion pages Today, 2000 terabytes (2 petabytes) and growing Source: How Much Information Is There In the World? By Michael Lesk, 1997 12

13. Turnitin Added >5 Billion More Pages & Documents Over 2 Years In January 2006, Turnitin contained … • 6.3 billion web pages (including archives) • 20.9 million student papers • 2.6 million ProQuest documents – many were image-only and not searchable text and as of June 2008 … • 11.4 billion pages web content • 60 million student papers • 55 million pages of Gale Info Trac • 3.62 million documents from CrossRef so far incl. Elsevier 13

14. Key Turnitin Metrics >60 million student papers expected to grow to 170 million by 2009 130,000 new papers daily Twice the number of instructors since 2006 6 major CMS integrations 106 countries Full support for 30 languages coming later this summer 14

15. Beyond Just Checking Originality Paper Workload 100% DigitalWorkflow 15

16. 6 Pillars of ISTE’s NETSInternational Society for Technology in Education(http://www.iste.org) Digital Citizenship Creativity and Innovation Communication and Collaboration Research and Information Fluency Critical Thinking, Problem Solving and Decision Making Technology Operations and Concepts 16

17. Technology Reduces Plagiarism 82% reduction in similarity indexes (%) in institutions with more than 5 years of use 17 Source: iParadigms internal analysis 2006, 2008

18. Ensuring a classroom free ofe-plagiarisman overview of the Turnitin system and its value as an assessment and educative tool

19. Turnitin helps to - ◘eliminate misuse of the Internet and online sources during research ◘ minimise its potentially negative impact on the development of quality reading, writing and research skills ◘ encourage exploration possibilities which the Internet offers for collaborative learning ◘ record the complete digital assessment of student work ◘ track students’ progress and assess their performance over time ◘ scrutinise the ever-expanding prime content sourced by students on the World Wide Web and other online resources.

20. Turnitin modules –Turnitin addresses every aspect in the lifecycle of a student paper:Turnitin is an online plagiarism prevention systemPLUS a complete web-basedclass management solutionwith its Digital Assessment Suite

21. Plagiarism Prevention Turnitin’s Digital Assessment Suite comprises – GradeMark GradeBook Peer Review

23. The Plagiarism Prevention module enhances Teaching • Deters plagiarism before it happens • Saves time in the investigation of the originality of student work • Allows for efficient citation verification • Provides documentation of any alleged plagiarism • Provides resources to assist in teaching, research, and writing skills including proper citation

24. How detection software works As a solution to the growing problem of cut-and-paste plagiarism. ……….

25. An original paper is as unique as a fingerprint

26. Take a paper and Turn it in ! Plagiarism is defined as "the taking and passing off the thoughts, writings, etc, of other people as your own" . In short, it is intellectual theft. In academe, the consequences of plagiarism are clear: Using someone else's words or ideas without attribution is grounds for failed assignments, suspension, or expulsion. For some students, however, breaking the rules seems to be an irresistible challenge. And so the game goes: Students continually look for (and find) ways to cheat, and teachers remain on the alert for purloined paragraphs, pages, and even entire papers. Plagiarised work used to be generated through frat house recycling efforts, purchased from local ghost writers, or simply copied from campus library reference materials—all clumsy efforts readily detectable by educators familiar with their course material. But the World Wide Web and other electronic resources have changed the game and left educators scrambling to keep abreast of plagiarists' new methods. There are many reasons students plagiarise. Sometimes deadlines come around more quickly than expected, sometimes assignments are just to overwhelming, and sometimes the boundaries of plagiarism and research are not known and can be confusing. Learning to identify the factors that make plagiarism an attractive alternative is the best way to stop it before it starts. (www.turnitin.com) It is an unfortunate fact of life for University lecturers that the pressures on students leads some of them to copy other students' assignments or at least to obtain more assistance from their friends than is appropriate. Apart from discrediting the use of assignments for assessment, the copying of assignments also vitiates the assignments' educational aims. The typical institutional response is to require that assignments only form a small part of a student's assessment. However, such a response is inappropriate because it either results in trivial assignments or in assignments which do not adequately repay students in marks for the effort that they have invested. Even though plagiarism in a world wide problem, each institutions handles the seriousness in their own way. University of Virginia has a No Tolerance’ policy. In other words if you are caught plagiarising or cheating you are expelled. In Australia, Universities are trailing and purchasing software from a company called Turnitin.com (formerly know as Plagiarism.org). This software uses digital thumbprints to find similar or exact text on the internet and in their database which consists of over 1,000,000 million essays. In conclusion, Academic degrees represent a college's public certification that a former student possesses at least some minimum amount of knowledge and intellectual skill. Such degrees are commonly used a minimum credential for being hired to fill a professional position, not only physicians, attorneys, engineers, scientists, teachers, but also managers. If academic degrees are to have any meaningful significance, then they must not be awarded to students who plagiarize material, cheat on examinations, commit fraud in reporting research results, and other kinds of serious misconduct. Plagiarizing, cheating, or fraud must not be an alternate route to a diploma. When a diligent student who writes an original paper gets a lower grade than a plagiarist, the instructor effectively punishes the honest student and rewards the wrongdoer. It is time that colleges took an active stand against plagiarism. Professors should actively check for plagiarism. When possible plagiarism is detected, professors should report the case to the appropriate authorities on campus for investigation, hearing, and resolution.

27. Digital Receipt of Paper submission

29. Originality Report

30. Overall Similarity Index% Matched Text found BLUE (1) indicates that there are <0% matches GREEN (2) 1%-25% YELLOW (3) 26%-50% ORANGE (4) 51%-75% RED (5) 76%-100%

31. Sample Originality Report

34. Match to an ‘outside’ paperSend request to other Instructor requesting to view the matching paper

35. e-mail request is sent to the outside lecturer

36. Outside lecturer’s response

37. Another sample essay

40. exclude a Source

41. GradeMark • Ability to edit and grade papers online • Standardized “Quickmark” typographical marks • Customizable rubrics • Targeted rubric tracking • Integrates with the other Turnitin products

45. Peer Review • Collaborative learning environment • Unlimited assignment customization • Pre-written review assignments • Flexible distribution options • Integrates with the other Turnitin products

47. GradeBook • Customisable grading system • Scaling tools • Advanced preferences • Attendance tracking • Exports to Excel • Integrated with Turnitin’s other products • Digital Graphs

48. Class - GradeBook

49. Turnitin Revision Assignments – an educational toolProvides a teaching\educational moment Have the students submit their own essays to the Revision Assignment\s and have the document come back to the student with notations of anything problematic." "Problematic" can mean anything from citing a quote to needing a footnote.

50. Use of Originality Reports Active Instructors in 2008 Active Instructors in 2006 3X increase Allow Student Use of O.R. Allow Student Use of O.R. About 25% of all instructors leverage the originality reports as an instructional tool 50 Source: iParadigms internal analysis 2008