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FY 2006 DOE Wind and Hydropower Program Peer Review Denver Marriot West, Golden CO, USA

Offshore Technology Development. Walt Musial Leader-Offshore Projects National Wind Technology Center National Renewable Energy Laboratory walter_musial@nrel.gov. FY 2006 DOE Wind and Hydropower Program Peer Review Denver Marriot West, Golden CO, USA May 9-11, 2006.

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FY 2006 DOE Wind and Hydropower Program Peer Review Denver Marriot West, Golden CO, USA

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  1. Offshore Technology Development Walt MusialLeader-Offshore ProjectsNational Wind Technology CenterNational Renewable Energy Laboratorywalter_musial@nrel.gov FY 2006 DOE Wind and Hydropower Program Peer Review Denver Marriot West, Golden CO, USA May 9-11, 2006

  2. DOE Offshore Wind Program:A Brief History • LWST Phase II RFP modified to include offshore with a program goal of 5 cents/kWh by 2012. • (1 system development, 1 component, 3 conceptual) • Horns Rev and Nysted wind farms commissioned • August 2003, DOE Secretary Abraham requested white paper on feasibility of offshore wind. • DOE program begins gathering deepwater information to address longer term US vision. • June 2004, offshore projects develop problems; broader program indicated. • DOE identifies multiple technology pathways

  3. Current Status of Offshore Industry • Offshore 804-MW of 60,000 MW+ world-wide – less than 2% • 11-GW+ offshore is projected for 2010 • Offshore has affected current onshore systems • Offshore will continue to influence European markets. Current Future - 2010

  4. Predicted Growth of German Wind Energy Markets http://www.hamburg-messe.de/Scripte/allgemein_Info/Bestellung_DEWI-Studie/Studie_WindEnergy_en.htm?menu=Visitor

  5. Why Offshore Wind in the US? Land-based wind sites are not close to coastal load centers Load centers are close to offshore wind sites Two market approach is needed U.S. Wind Resource US Population Concentration % area class 3 or above Graphic Credit: Bruce Bailey AWS Truewind Graphic Credit: GE Energy

  6. U.S. Offshore Wind Energy Opportunity U.S. Offshore Wind Energy Resource Resource Not Yet Assessed

  7. Wind Energy Cost Trends 1981: 40 cents/kWh • Increased Turbine Size • R&D Advances • Manufacturing Improvements 2006: 9.5 cents/kWh • Multi-megawatt Turbines • High reliability systems • Infrastructure Improvements Land-based Class 4 Offshore Class 6 2014: 5 cents/kWh 2006: 4 - 6 cents/kWh 2012: 3.6 cents/kWh

  8. Coastal Energy Prices Are Higher with No Significant Indigenous Sources

  9. DOE/NREL Offshore Wind Energy Program: Approach DOE Offshore Wind Energy Program European Wind Energy Experience Offshore Industry

  10. European Collaborations • NREL/RISØ Co-Operating Agents for International Energy Agency Offshore Annex – XXIII. • Eight Active Countries

  11. Offshore Code Comparison Collaborative (OC3)Baseline Model Dynamics Comparisons (8 codes)

  12. Horns Rev- Corner Turbine Enhancements? Wind Direction Offshore array modeling and analysis can open new siting options both offshore and onshore

  13. DOE/NREL Offshore Wind Energy Program: Approach DOE Offshore Wind Energy Program European Wind Energy Experience Offshore Industry

  14. Offshore Oil and Gas Industry: The Link to Offshore Wind Energy

  15. Offshore Industry Collaborations are Essential • MMS regulatory authority • Offshore industry needs to diversify • IEC insufficient for MMS/U.S. structural certification (API standards) • Infrastructure owned by offshore industry • 50 years of offshore experience

  16. Joint Activities with Offshore Industry Minerals Management Service • DOE/MMS Memorandum of Understanding • Advisory Relationships Established • Proposed Rulemaking Comments • Scoping Meetings – Upcoming

  17. Joint Activities with Offshore Industry • Joint Industry Project • Purpose: Determine requirements for offshore safety and certification. • Participants: US Offshore Wind Developers, Offshore construction, DOE, MMS • Offshore Technology Conference (OTC) • Wind Session 150 attended • Invited for 2007 • High level of interest • SeaCon Studies

  18. DOE/NREL Offshore Wind Energy Program: Approach DOE Offshore Wind Energy Program European Wind Energy Experience Offshore Industry

  19. Deep Water Wind Turbine Development Offshore Wind Technology Development 90.1 GW 183.2 GW >500 GW Shallow Transitional Deep DOE Goal: 0 to 30-m Class 6 winds 5 cents/kWh by 2014 DOE Goal: 30 to 60-m Class 6 winds 5 cents/kWh by 2016

  20. Offshore Technology Pathway Strategy (Subcontracts) Laboratory SeaCon

  21. Skeleton: Offshore Technology Development Pathway Yr 1 Yrs 8 to 17 Management and Support Supporting Research and Testing SeaCon Test Bed Development Public/Private Partnerships Field Verification Program Goal

  22. Current Offshore Wind Program Activities • Enabling Research – Coupled Codes (Jonkman), wakes, controls, rotors, drivetrains, reliability • Resource Assessment – Offshore mapping, boundary layer, wind/wave correlations • Environmental Support – (Ram, Energetics) • LWST II Subcontracts • GE System Development - $27M/ $8M DOE • GE Ultralong blade- component (canceled) • Concept Marine Associates, MIT, AWS Truewind • Offshore Wind Collaborative (OWC) • Testing Support and Facilities (Simms) • TVP Arklow Banks • SeaCon Studies

  23. Sea-BasedConcept Studies (SeaCon) • DOE/NREL sponsored studies underway: Objectives: • Use offshore O&G experience - form partnerships • Define requirements for infrastructure and technology • Narrow focus on best technology options • Establish basis for test bed and system development

  24. Offshore Wind Cost Elements Offshore turbine 33% of the life cycle cost vs. 59% onshore derived from NREL cost model and CA-OWEE report 2001

  25. SeaCon Studies Connectivity

  26. Sea-Based Concept (SeaCon) Studies • Offshore cost and economic modeling • US offshore infrastructure assessment • Offshore reliability models • Anchoring and mooring studies • Turbine design optimization • Operation and maintenance • Offshore grid system • Fixed bottom support structures • Floating platforms • Environmental assessments • External conditions   • System scaling studies

  27. SeaCon Phases • Phase 1 – Baseline parametric studies-FY06 • Phase 2 – Component Scaling FY07 • Phase 3 – System Optimization and Scaling FY08 Phase 1 Example: What foundations work best at various depths?

  28. Transitional Depth Foundations 30-m to 60-m Depths 183.2 GW potential Tripod Tube Steel Spaceframe, Jacket, or Truss Talisman Energy Concept Guyed Tube Suction Bucket

  29. Floating Foundations >60-m Depths >500 GW potential Concept Marine Associates Concrete TLP Dutch tri-floater Barge Spar Mono-hull TLP SWAY

  30. Strategies for Minimal Life Cycle Cost Reliability versus O&M • Understand the relationship between OPEX and CAPEX • Close the loop between design and operations • High reliability systems • Design for low cost in-situ repairs • Avoid collateral damage. • Integrated CM and self diagnostics • Benefit Offshore and Onshore Designer Operator

  31. Offshore Turbine Availability Increasing Site Severity and Distance from Shore Engineering Challenge

  32. Offshore Component Costs are Low Relative to Total Project • All of the energy • Most of the loads • 4% of the cost Cost of Energy Can we afford more expensive rotors?

  33. Current 1000-GW 0-5nm excluded 5-20nm 67% exclusion 20-50nm 33% exclusion Alaska and Hawaii excluded SC to Mexico excluded Class 4 excluded No state boundaries Updates in progress New maps by AWS Truewind Exclusions not assumed Class 4 - 7 Resource by 10-m depths All States (except FL, AL) State boundaries Distance from Shore 0-3nm – State waters 3-6nm – MMS/State zone 6-12nm – MMS High Viewshed 12-50nm – Low Viewshed Wind/Wave mapping for site specific design Bottom conditions Exclusion criteria Offshore Resource Mapping

  34. SeaCon Phase 2 and 3: Offshore Scaling and System Optimization – How Big? 1 Substructure Energy per Area Installation Operation and Maintenance Grid and Electrical Infrastructure Turbine Costs High capacity offshore infrastructure enables larger machines.

  35. Offshore Design Drivers • Enablers for larger turbines • Lightweight structural materials • Load reduction/Increased energy • Reliability and predictive maintenance • Verification and testing • System weight reduction • Onshore benefits

  36. Summary • Near term US offshore projects needed • Environmental, regulatory, and public perceptions are drivers in US. • Significant R&D is necessary to lower costs • Offshore O&G industry experience and collaborations are essential • Three technology pathways identified • Shallow water pathway has begun Wind can potentially supply 20% of electric energy in United States

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