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Management. Process of working with and through others to effectively, efficiently, and ethically achieve organizational objectives in a changing environment E : Did we attain the goal? Focus: Attainment
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Management • Process of working with and through others to effectively, efficiently, and ethically achieve organizational objectives in a changing environment • E : Did we attain the goal? • Focus: Attainment • E : How does the amount of resources used to attain the goal compare to what was gained? • Focus: Not wasting resources
Organizational Behavior • The study of individuals and groups in organizations • It is interdisciplinary • Anthropology • Economics • Philosophy • Psychology • Sociology • Political Science • Skills for Business School Graduates (from AACSB) Leadership • Oral communication & presentation skills • Written communication • Planning and organizing • Information gathering and problem analysis • Decision making • Self-objectivity • Willingness and desire to lead others in new directions
Management History • Pre-modern Era • Classical School • Industrial Revolution, Scientific Management, Division of Labor • Human Relations Movement • Theory X/Y, highlights employee needs, group dynamics, supportive supervision, etc. • TQM • Continuous improvement, 85-15 rule • Management Today
Team Activity Compile a List • Identify the • most pressing issues or major changes facing organizations today • desired employee characteristics to address these issues
Key Changes in the Business/ Competitive Environment • G • T • D • E • C • A
The Employment ContractOLDNEW • Relationships --------------------------T • Employment --------------------------- E • Loyal employees ------------------ E • Pay for seniority ----------------------- P • Hierarchical promotions ----- L
Strategic Planning • Step 1: Develop a _____________ and a _________ • _ : A broad statement of the organization’s purpose • _______: A long-term picture of what an organization wants to become • Step 2: SWOT Analysis • Evaluate ______________ competencies • Strengths and Weaknesses • Identify ______________ forces • Opportunities and Threats • Step 3: Reassess mission statement and vision • Step 4: Formulate the ______________(plans and quantifiable goals) to attain mission and vision • Step 5: Implement the ____________ • Step 6: _______________ toward attainment
Cascading of Objectives Overall Organizational Objectives Organization Divisional Objectives Departmental Objectives Individual Objectives
Organizational Culture • Taken-for-granted system of shared meanings, assumptions, and underlying values and beliefs that helps to determine how employees act • The “social glue” that binds organizational members together • Socialization • The process of bringing new people into the organization and teaching them the values, norms, and required behaviors. • Making _________ out of _____________ • Functions of culture • Helps identify an organizational identity • Increases collective commitment • Promotes stability of social system • Helps members make sense of their environment and shapes behavior
Outcomes of Culture • EMPLOYEE • CUSTOMER • FINANCIAL
Layers of Culture • Artifacts • Company logos, furniture/furniture arrangement, what’s on the walls, plaques, awards, dress, uniforms, machinery/ computers/technology, and a lack of any of these. • Norms • How do people interact with each other? With customers? Do people work alone, with one other person, in groups? How do people treat each other? Are there special ceremonies? • Values • What do they say is important? Where are resources spent? What’s rewarded? Artifacts Norms Values
Organizational Culture: 3 Profiles • 3 Companies • UOP • A global petrochemical company • Von Maur • A department store located in the Midwest • Alligator Records • A small music publisher in Chicago • Describe the organizational culture at each company. • Identify many artifacts, at least three norms, and at least two values. • Discuss the “alignment” of the artifacts, norms, and values (i.e., how well do they support each other?) • How does each of the three companies “socialize” its new employees to fit its culture? • Are there any negative implications of the cultures?