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Open Source Software

Open Source Software.

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Open Source Software

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  1. Open Source Software Pajamas] Open Source Media Launch, Left to Right: Jeff Goldstein, Ed Driscoll, Glenn Reynolds, Larry Kudlow, Jane Hall, Roger L. Simon, Manuel L. Quezon, Michelle Malkin, Claudia Rosette, Charles Johnson, Clifford May, Michael Barone and Eugene Volokh. Source; http://www.allthingsbeautiful.com/all_things_beautiful/2005/11/blogging_to_dif.html Scott Kettner RahttiyaJinsirivanich WongsuphanKetprathum EkachaiJuengjaroensuk Earl Mason

  2. Who here uses open source software? N=955 Pool of surveyed consists of local European Government Employees Source: Economic Impact of open source software on innovation and the competitiveness of information and communication technologies sector in the EU , Nov. 20, 2006 UNU-MERIT

  3. Open Source Overview • History • Open Source vs. Proprietary • Technical Components • OS Effects on Business Strategy • Best Practices for Open Systems

  4. Open Source Overview • History • Open Source vs. Proprietary • Technical Components • OS Effects on Business Strategy • Best Practices for Open Systems

  5. What is Open Source Software? “Open Source Software is computer software which source code is available under a license (or arrangement such as the public domain) that meets the Open source definition. This permits users to use, change, and improve the software, and to redistribute it in modified or unmodified form.” Source: Time Magazine, December 25, 2006, Viewed on March 13, 2008

  6. Open Source Definition Under the Open Source Definition, licenses must meet 10 conditions in order to be considered open source licenses. 1. Free Redistribution:The software can be freely given away or sold. 2. Source Code:The source code must either be included or freely obtainable. 3. Derived Works:Redistribution of modifications must be allowed. 4. Integrity of The Author's Source Code:Licenses may require that modifications are redistributed only as patches. 5. No Discrimination Against Persons or Groups:No one can be locked out. 6. No Discrimination Against Fields of Endeavor:Commercial users cannot be excluded. 7. Distribution of License:The rights attached to the program must apply to all to whom the program is redistributed without the need for execution of an additional license by those parties. 8. License Must Not Be Specific to a Product:The program cannot be licensed only as part of a larger distribution. 9. License Must Not Restrict Other Software:The license cannot insist that any other software it is distributed with must also be open source. 10. License Must Be Technology-Neutral:No click-wrap licenses or other medium-specific ways of accepting the license must be required. Source: http://opensource.org/docs/osd, viewed on March10, 2008

  7. The History of Open Source Software • Late 1970's - Mid 1980's: UNIX • A group of AT&T employees at Bell Labs originally developed UNIX, the most powerful operating system on a computer. • 1980's: GNU • Richard Stallman, a programmer at the Artificial Intelligence Lab (AI Lab), MIT, launched the GNU Project (free operating system) & the Free Software Foundation (FSF). • “The GNU General Public License (GPL) was designed not only to ensure that the software produced by GNU will remain free, but to promote the production of more and more free software.” Source: http://www.netc.org/openoptions/background/history.html, Viewed on March 17, 2008

  8. The History of Open Source Software • Early 1990's: Linux • LinusTorvalds created Linux. • "I'm doing a (free) operating system (just a hobby, won't be big and professional like gnu)..." - LinusTorvalds, 1991 • 1998: Netscape's big move • Netscape planned to create an open source browser,Mozilla. After announcing the Mozilla project, America Online (AOL) bought Netscape. • 2003: Linux OS/Apache Web Server are mainstream Source: http://www.netc.org/openoptions/background/history.html, Viewed on March 17, 2008

  9. Why Open Source is Important to Managers ? • New Technologies • Drive down cost of doing business • Custom Software • Unknown uses of Open Source in Organization Source: www.ciozone.com/index.php/tool/50-top-open-source-resources-cios-should-know-and-maybe-love..html

  10. Who is open source coming from? Top 10 Companies Top 10 Academic Institutions 1. SunMicrosystems51,372 Person-months312m euros 2. IBM14,865 Person-months90m euros 3. Red Hat9,748 Person-months59m euros 4. Silicon Graphics7,736 Person-months 47m euros 5. SAP7,493 Person-months46m euros 6. MySQL5,747 Person-months35m euros 7. Netscape5,249 Person-months32m euros 8. Ximian4,985 Person-months30m euros 9. Realnetworks4,412 Person-months27m euros 10. AT&T4,286 Person-months26m euros 1. Regents Of The University Of California4,955 Person-months 2 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology4,774 Person-months 3 Carnegie Mellon University1,687 Person-months 4 University Of Chicago1,340 Person-months 5 INRIA1,009 Person-months 6 University Of Amsterdam982 Person-months 7 StichtingMathematisch Centrum Amsterdam870 Person-months 8 Ohio State University551 Person-months 9 University Of Utah518 Person-months 10 University Of Notre Dame505 Person-months Source: http://www.businessreviewonline.com/os/archives/2007/01/where_does_open.html Economic Impact of open source software on innovation and the competitiveness of information and communication technologies sector in the EU , Nov. 20, 2006 UNU-MERIT

  11. Where in the world does open source software come from? Source: http://www.businessreviewonline.com/os/archives/2006/07/where_in_the_wo.html

  12. Top 20 Open Source Packages Source: https://www.osscensus.org/summary-report-public.php, as visited on 4/21/08 117,933 Installations Found ,734 Machines Scanned , 709 Unique Packages Found , 57 Unique Packages Per Enterprise

  13. Open Source Overview • History • Open Source vs. Proprietary • Technical Components • OS Effects on Business Strategy • Best Practices for Open Systems

  14. Open Source vs. Proprietary Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_open_source_and_closed_source viewed on 2/25/2008

  15. What’s Different about Development with Open Source? Source: Open Source: Open for Business. Computer Sciences Corporation. 2004. 22. <http://www.csc.com/features/2004/uploads/LEF_OPENSOURCE.pdf>.

  16. In 2007, Cost savings are clearly the biggest benefit driving open source adoption in organizations. Date: September 2007Audience: Members of the IOUG included database administrators, IT managers, directors, CIOs, and consultants. Number of Responses: 226 Source: McKendrick, Joe. "Open Source in the Enterprise: New Software Disrupts the Technology Stack." (2007). 10 Mar. 2008 <http://www.ioug.org/IOUG_Open_Source_07.pdf>.

  17. The Dark Side of Open Source • ‘You Get What You Pay For’ The service and maintenance of open source software are not free. • However, OS software support costs 20-30% less than commercial software. Source: "The Dark Side of Open Sauce" Leslie Kramer, Wall Street & Technology; Apr 2006 pg. 43

  18. The Dark Side of Open Source • Another problem is the continued maintenance of software over long periods. “The community that develops this software is primarily a volunteer community, and they may get less interested in the product over time,” Michel Goulde Senior Analyst Forrester Research Source: "The Dark Side of Open Sauce" Leslie Kramer, Wall Street & Technology; Apr 2006 pg. 43

  19. What are the biggest concerns about open source software? 2007: Supportis the greatest concern for using open source systems Date: September 2007Audience: Members of the IOUG included database administrators, IT managers, directors, CIOs, and consultants. Number of Responses: 226 Source: McKendrick, Joe. "Open Source in the Enterprise: New Software Disrupts the Technology Stack." (2007). 10 Mar. 2008 <http://www.ioug.org/IOUG_Open_Source_07.pdf>.

  20. APACHE Story • APACHE WEBPAGE SERVERS RUN ≈50% OF THE WORLDS WEBSITES • NONPROFIT APACHE SOFTWARE FOUNDATION DEVELOPS AND DISTRIBUTES APACHE HTTP SERVER 1ST DEVELOPED BY ROB MCCOOL IN 1995 • APACHE LICENSE IS NOT PART OF GPL LICENSING ALTHOUGH FREE IT CAN BE USED AS PART OF CLOSED SOURCE DERIVATION Source: HTTP://EN.WIKIPEDIA.ORG/WIKI/APACHE_HTTP_SERVERVIEWED 3\10\2008

  21. APACHE Story • APACHE RE-DISTRIBUTED AS PART OF VARIOUS PROPRIETARY SOFTWARE PACKAGES • ORACLE DATABASE • IBM WEBSPHERE • MAC OS (WEB OBJECTS) • WEB SERVER COMPONENT OF THE LAMP APPLICATION STACK Source: HTTP://EN.WIKIPEDIA.ORG/WIKI/APACHE_HTTP_SERVER VIEWED 3\10\2008

  22. APACHE Story • APACHE FIRST WEBSERVER RELEASE WAS IN1995 • DOWNLOAD, TWEAK IT, BURN IT, AND INSTALL ON AS MANY SERVERS AS YOU WANT Source: HTTP://HTTPD.APACHE.ORG VIEWED 3/10/2008

  23. APACHE HTTP Server #1 Web server in use SOURCE: HTTP//NETCRAFT.COM/ARCHIVES/ WEB_SERVER_SURVEY.HTML VIEWED 3/10/2008

  24. APACHE HTTP Server SOURCE: HTTP//NETCRAFT.COM/ARCHIVES/ WEB_SERVER_SURVEY.HTML VIEWED 3/10/2008

  25. Open Source Overview • History • Open Source vs. Proprietary • Technical Components • OS Effects on Business Strategy • Best Practices for Open Systems

  26. What is HTML? • Hypertext mark up language • Html is primarily a formatting language for web content • The HTML documents are written in plain text, but with the addition of tags which describe or define the text they enclose Source: http://www.acad.bg/beginner/gnrt/appendix/glossary.html, viewed 3/8/2008

  27. WHAT IS XML? • Extensible Markup language • (Html formats data) Xml describes data structure • XML is a markup language for documents containing structured information. • XML not a fixed set of elements like HTML XML allows authors to define their own tags Source: http://www.acad.bg/beginner/gnrt/appendix/glossary.html, viewed 3\8\2008

  28. What is Internet Protocol (IP)? • The Internet Protocol (IP) is the method or protocol by which data is sent from one computer to another on the Internet Source: http://www.net-o2.com/ip.asp, Viewed on March 27, 2008. http://searchunifiedcommunications.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid186_gci214031,00.html, Viewed on April1, 2008.

  29. Firefox at a Glance • Internet Browser sprang from Netscape (Phoenix 2002) • 2nd most popular web browser (17%) • Pop-up blockers, tabbed browsing, advanced privacy, and more • Highly personalized by everyone • Over 2000 add-on programs Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firefox FREE SOFTWARE FOR YOUR PRACTICE, James Dom Dera; Family Practice Management; Feb 2006; 13,2; ABI/INFORM Global pg. 56

  30. Firefox Market share Source: http://mozillalinks.org/wp/2007/03/page/2/

  31. Browser Market Share Report generated Tuesday, April 29, 2008 2:23:57 AM http://marketshare.hitslink.com/report.aspx?qprid=0#

  32. Firefox vs. IE Users: Gender Source: http://www.comscore.com/blog/2007/04/firefox_vs_internet_explorer.html

  33. Firefox vs. IE Users: Affluence Source: http://www.comscore.com/blog/2007/04/firefox_vs_internet_explorer.html

  34. Firefox vs. IE Users : Age Source: http://www.comscore.com/blog/2007/04/firefox_vs_internet_explorer.html

  35. Firefox Users Source: http://www.comscore.com/blog/2007/04/firefox_vs_internet_explorer.html

  36. The Mozilla Project • “The Mozilla project is a global community of people who have been working together since 1998 to create world-class open source software. Those involved in the community believe that openness, innovation, and opportunity are key to the continued health of the Internet. The projects on this page are just some examples of what the community is doing.” Source: http://www.mozilla.org/projects/

  37. The Mozilla Family of Products • Camino • Firefox • SeaMonkey • Sunbird and Lighting • Thunderbird • One Laptop Per Child Web Browser • TomTom HOME • Bonsai • Bugzilla • Tinderbox • Tamarin, XPCOM, and XUL All logos taken from: http://www.mozilla.org/projects/

  38. What is Linux? • Linux is a free Unix-type operating system originally created by Linus Torvalds with the assistance of developers around the world. Developed under the GNU General Public License, the source code for Linux is freely available to everyone. Source: http://www.linux.org/info/index.html, View on April 4, 2008.

  39. The flavors of Linux are referred to as distributions . All the Linux distributions released around the same time frame will use the same kernel. They differ in the add-on software provided, GUI, install process, price, documentation and technical support

  40. 13 reasons why Linux should be on your desktop • Cost • Resources • Performance • No bloatware • Security • Dual booting • Installation • Reinstalling the OS • Keeping track of software • Updating software • More security • No need to defrag disks • A wealth of built-in utilities Kim Brebach a consultant with an Australian technology marketing group Source: “13 reasons why Linux should be on your desktop”, by Kim Brebach, http://www.desktoplinux.com/articles/AT5836989728.html, Viewed on March 20, 2008.

  41. Can you make money from Linux? YES!!! …. Because “Linux is available for free, by download. It can be sold for profit as long as the seller adheres to certain criteria. A vendor may make modifications to the OS, as long as the source code is freely available. That means there is a bit of revenue to be made selling the commercial packages from companies like Red Hat or Caldera” Lynn Greiner; Computer Dealer News. Willowdale Source:” Computer Dealer News “, Lynn Greiner , http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=45047075&sid=6&Fmt=3&clientId=45249&RQT=309&VName=PQD, Viewed on April 2, 2008.

  42. LINUX  vs.  WINDOWS • Windows dominates in the desktops and personal computer markets with about 90% of the desktop market share, and in 2007 accounted for about 66% of all servers sold • In server revenue market share (2007Q4) Windows achieved 36.3% and Linux achieved 12.7%. As of November 2007, Linux powered 85% of the world's most powerful supercomputers. • In February 2008, Linux powered five of the ten most reliable internet hosting companies Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_Windows_and_Linux , Viewed on April, 10, 2008

  43. LINUX  vs.  WINDOWS Source: http://www.desktoplinux.com/news/NS9088528047.html , Viewed on March 3, 2008.

  44. Why Wal-Mart will not have Linux desktops on its store shelves ? • On March 10, Wal-Mart spokesperson Melissa O'Brien told the Associated Press that Wal-Mart had decided not to restock its in-store gOS Linux powered Everex Green gPC TC2502."This really wasn't what our customers were looking for," O'Brien said Source: http://www.desktoplinux.com/news/NS9088528047.html , Viewed on March 3, 2008.

  45. Why Windows wins and Linux loses ? • The installed base • PC vendor support • Hardware vendor support • Software support Source: “Why Windows wins and Linux loses”, Steven J. Vaughan-Nichols, http://www.desktoplinux.com/news/NS6087894103.html , Viewed on April 3, 2008.

  46. Java Language and Platforms • Language release in 1995 based on C and C++ • Most JAVA technologies available free under the GNU General Public License • Promised WORA Write Once, Run Anywhere Source: ALL THE FIXINGS, Jonathan Erickson, Dr. Dobb’s Journal; Aug 2006; 31, 8; ABI/IFORM Trade & Industry Page 6

  47. How JAVA works! Source: http://www.media-art-online.org/java/help/how-it-works.html

  48. The JAVA Family • SE (Standard Edition) • Applets, Threads, Networking, RMI, Servlets, JDBC, JFC Swing, AWT, JFC 2D, Java Media API, JavaBeans and more • EE (Enterprise Edition) • Adds libraries which provide functionality to deploy fault-tolerant, distributed, multi-tier Java software, based largely on modular components running on an application server • ME (Micro Edition) • for small, resource-constrained devices such as cell phones, PDAs and set-top boxes Source: Nick Langley. "Mobile developers get to write once, run anywhere. " Computer Weekly  24 Jul 2007: 32. ABI/INFORM Trade & Industry. ProQuest.  ***ABI/INFORM.  23 Apr. 2008 <http://www.proquest.com.ezproxy.umsl.edu/>

  49. Java Uses Source: https://meapplicationdevelopers.dev.java.net/fragmentation.html

  50. Open Source Overview • History • Open Source vs. Proprietary • Technical Components • OS Effects on Business Strategy • Best Practices for Open Systems

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