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Dive into the intersection of virtues and consequentialist theories in normative ethics, including Kantianism, contractarianism, and virtue-consequentialism. Discover how Objectivist Consequentialism by Peter Railton sheds light on conflicts between virtues and ecological problems, and the importance of virtues like mindfulness in addressing modern challenges.
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Normative Ethics Section 5 Practice-consequentialism and Virtue-consequentialism
Normative Theory and Virtue Normative theories, other than virtue ethics, can accommodate virtues. Such theories include: • Kantianism • contractarianism • consequentialism.
Consequentialism & Virtue • Virtue-consequentialism as an expansion of practice-consequentialism. • The consequentialist account of virtues does not mean that all virtuous actions are right. • Some acts may be virtuous yet wrong.
Objective consequentialism (OC) Peter Railton: • OC does not require one to use consequentialist criteria for run-of-the-mill decisions. • OC can justify adherence to relationships & to dispositions (such as virtues).
Conflicts • Virtues can conflict. • E.g. veracity & fidelity. • Can appeal to consequentialist criteria to resolve conflicts.
Ecological Problems and Virtue Dale Jamieson: • green virtues • consequentialist grounds for defending such virtues.
The Precautionary Principle • Where there is reason to believe there is a risk of serious irreversible harm, scientific uncertainty does not count as a reason against intervention. • For better to follow this Principle than adopt the vague virtue of caution.
Possible Problem • Virtues may not be accompanied by practical wisdom, moral awareness or moral imagination. Consider how the virtue of practical wisdom has become more relevant in the face of ecological & technological problems.
Mindfulness Mindfulness (commended by Jamieson): • a virtue that partly corresponds to Aristotelian practical wisdom. • a disposition that’s compatible with making the world a better place.