WARM UP: On a sheet of notebook paper do the following…

1. WARM UP: On a sheet of notebook paper do the following… “that to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed.” Please write the quote and your answer to the following in a COMPLETE SENTENCE: • In what document will you find this quote? • Who wrote it? • What was he trying to say?

2. The American Revolution The fight for independence

3. Patrick Henry • In the Virginian statehouse, some were still worried about ________________, Patrick _______ gave a passionate _______ trying to convince people they should ________________ and _________… Test Question fighting the King Henry speech fight for freedom liberty

4. inevitable • “The war is ___________ —and let it come. Is life so dear, or peace so sweet, as to be _________ at the price of _________________? Forbid it, Almighty God! I know not what course others may take; but as for me, _____________________________.” Test Question – Patrick Henry purchased chains and slavery Give me liberty or give me death

5. Declaring Independence • The last part of the declaration states “We therefore …solemnly publish and _______, that these United Colonies are, and of right ought to be _____ and _____________ states.” • This is the part that says we are no longer part of __________. declare Free independent England

6. Leaders of the British Army General Cornwallis Lord Howe

7. Lord General William HoweNot as important as Cornwallis Was great at organizing and moving his armies and repeatedly ______________ Washington, but did not aggressively ______ and _______ the Continental Army…maybe because he felt some __________ for the American cause. outmaneuvered pursue destroy sympathy

8. Problems in the British Army • Communication- Headquarters too far away • Low morale and reason for fighting • Diseases like Smallpox

9. Hessianspaid help from Prussia • Since the British were not completely __________ the war effort, German ____________, (_____ soldiers) were hired to help the British fight the war. supporting mercenaries paid

10. British Strategy • Because of the British strengths (_______________, plenty of ________) they could take over any objective they wanted with ________. • Admiral Howe was certain that when confronted with the overwhelming British military advantage, the rebels could be persuaded to ___________ their ___________. • Strengths are a test question!!!!! experienced troops supplies force abandon revolution

11. Washington’s Strategy British from America occupy • Washington knew it would be impossible to drive the ________________, but realized the British could not _______ the entire colonies ______________. • American _________ would regain ________ of any town as soon as the occupying British army ____________. • Washington’s strategy became one of __________: keep the army _____, even if it meant temporarily abandoning towns and patriots to the _________. against its will Patriots control marched away persistence alive British

12. Washington army America • As long as the ______ survived, __________ will survive. • Washington had two advantages as a general: • He seemed ___________ – musket volleys and cannon fire didn’t _________ even though he was always in the middle of the _________, • He had lots of physical _______ – without a large, experienced officer corps (like the British had) he often _________ lead the army and saw to supplies, directing combat, and even arranging for ______________. bulletproof touch him battle strength personally transportation

13. By the end of 1776, the Continental Army was on the brink of __________. They were badly _____________, _______, badly _________, and and go home to tend their farms when their year-long enlistments ended. Washington needed a ____________. disaster outnumbered ill-fed clothed ready to quit victory

14. “These are the times that try men’s souls.” - Thomas Paine • The rough winter was trying for the new country. American’s early ___________ was fading. • T. Paine saved the day, again, with a collection of articles called, “_________” • What is a crisis? enthusiasm The Crisis

15. A crisis… • 1 a: the turning point for better or worse • 2: the decisive moment • 3 a: an unstable or crucial time in which a change is coming; especially with the possibility of a very bad outcome • b: a situation that has reached a critical phase

16. By the end of 1776, the Continental Army was on the brink of __________. They were badly _____________, _______, badly _________, and ready to _______ and go home to tend their farms when their year-long enlistments ended. Washington needed a ____________. disaster outnumbered ill-fed clothed quit victory

17. “THESE are the times that try men's souls.” “The summer soldier and the sunshine patriot will, in this crisis, shrink from the service of their country;” “but he that stands by it now, deserves the love and thanks of man and woman. “Tyranny, like hell, is not easily conquered;” “yet we have this consolation with us, that the harder the conflict, the more glorious the triumph.” “The Crisis” TEST QUESTION – THOMAS PAINE

18. “Issue the orders, Sir, and I will storm hell.” - Patriot General Anthony Wayne The Battle of Trenton moving frozen hungry • Just ________ his _______, _______ troops was a risky gamble, but G.W. knew it was time to attack. • Washington led the attack on Trenton _________ through the ___________ Delaware river and through the cold, bitter storm- his army leaving ________________ in the snow as they marched. personally ice-packed bloodied footprints

19. Battle of Trenton (NJ) - 12/1776 campfires fool • Washington left his ________ burning as a decoy to _____ the British and Hessians • He Crossed the icy Delaware river (picture on the back of Delaware’s quarter) and attacked the ____________ enemy. The Americans won with hardly any _________. unsuspecting casualties The victory encouraged _______ of Americans to ___________ for the Continental Army thousands volunteer

20. Help from Black Soldiers blacks British • When some _______ began joining the ________ Army, Washington persuaded _________ to accept black soldiers. • About 30,000 soldiers served in the American army, about _______ were black, some ____, some ______. Congress 5,000 free slave

21. Help from Women spies • Many of Washington’s _____ were women. • Women helped as camp cooks and _____ the sick and __________. • A few even _______ themselves as ____ and served as _______ in theArmy. nursed wounded disguised men soldiers

22. Battle of Saratoga

23. Battle of Saratoga (NY) – 10/1777 British • The ________ moved slowly through the snow and heavy rain to their camp at Saratoga. • The Continental Army ________ on them day and night without stopping. • The British finally _________ the battle • Was considered a “________________” in the war because the unlikely victory ___________ foreign __________ to help the Americans (Test question – France came to the aid of America) fired surrendered turning point countries encouraged

24. Traitor!!!! shot • Benedict Arnold was _______ in the leg during the Battle of Saratoga . • He felt he had not been _________ enough for his “heroic” actions in the war. • He __________ his country and joined the British. rewarded betrayed

25. Help from Abroad Test Question Ben Franklin • With the win at Saratoga, ______________ was able to convince __________ to help America. • They sent ______, _______, and _______. France ships troops money

26. France 19 years old • Even though he was only ___________, the Marquis de Lafayette became one of our biggest __________. • He convinced the French King to send _________ troops to fight for America heroes 6,000

27. Spain Galvez Louisiana • Bernardo de _______ was Governor of Spanish __________ • Sent the American army both _______ and ________. • Led an attack on Britain’s most important base in the ______________ at Florida. • destroyed ________ rule along the _______________. money supplies Gulf of Mexico British Mississippi River

28. What was the significance of the Battle of Saratoga? (Mini Quiz) A. Showed that the British were to strong. B. Demonstrated the Continental Army’s ability to win. C. Encouraged the French and Spanish to join the Colonists. D. Made Benedict Arnold a hero for the Americans.

29. Winter at Valley Forge

30. Winter at Valley Forge

31. Valley Forge (PA) Winter 1777-78 American British Paper money gold • Very bad time for the ___________ army • Local farmers sold food to the ________ who paid in ______ coin instead of _____________ Why would the stores refuse to take paper money for payment from the Continental Army? If America lost the war, there would be no government to back up the paper money and it would be worthless.

32. Valley Forge (PA, Winter 1777-78) • Officers resigned their commissions, soldiers deserted, death and disease overwhelmed those who stayed. • Washington lead them by encouraging soldiers to build their own barracks, given prizes for the best built…and camped in his own field tent until all soldiers were housed. • Conditions slowly improved with food, clothes and training, the soldiers becoming more committed and united.

33. John Paul Jones Continental Navy • Captain in the ________________. • During a battle he told the British ________________ ________________ when they wanted him to surrender. “I have not yet begun to fight!”

34. Yorktown(Virginia - Oct. 1781) major battle • The last _____________ of the Revolution • British are led by General ____________ and control most of ________ and the _____________. • Washington marched north toward ________ • The French ______ was in the harbor, cutting off escape by the British ships. • Cornwallis had no choice but to ___________ his troops to Washington Cornwallis Georgia Carolinas Yorktown navy surrender

35. Yorktown General Cornwallis surrenders to General Washington. The War is basically over.

36. End of the War!!!!!!!!! • In 1783, the United States and Britain signed a ____________ in ________ officially ending the American Revolution. • Treaty of Paris, 1783 – King George recognizes the United States of America as a free and independent nation. (test question) peace treaty Paris

37. New York 13 Colonies New Hampshire Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut Pennsylvania New Jersey Delaware Maryland Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia

38. Timer 10 15 9 6 3 2 0 7 1 30 8 4 5