Recap

1. Recap • What does it mean to be socially excluded? • Give an example of Social Exclusion.

2. Learning Intentions Today I will: • Gain an understanding of the extent of poverty in Scotland today. • Gain an understanding of some of the wealth inequalities in Scotland.

3. Poverty in Scotland • In 2008/09 there were 860,000 individuals living in relative poverty in Scotland, including 210,000 children and 150,000 pensioners. • Child poverty is measured on three tiers: 1) absolute poverty 2) relative poverty and 3) combined low income and material deprivation. In 2008/09: • 11 per cent of children were in Tier 1 • 21 per cent of children were in Tier 2 • 16 per cent were in Tier 3

4. Between 2002 and 2008 Glasgow was one of the local authorities with the highest relative poverty rates in Scotland. Over this period the percentage of households in relative poverty was around 22 or 23 percent.

5. Between 2002 and 2008 East Renfrewshire was one of the local authorities with the lowest poverty rates in Scotland. Over this period around 13 or 14 percent of households were in relative poverty.

6. Poverty level by area in Scotland • Percentage of households in relative poverty in Scottish local authorities: 2003 to 2008

7. Income Inequalities in Scotland • Glasgow – average income 2007-2008: £22,200 • East Renfrewshire: £32,000 • Scotland: £25,600

8. Questions… • Give an example of geographical wealth inequalities in Scotland. • What percentage of Scottish children are affected in some way by poverty? • Why do you think there are such high levels of poverty in Scotland? • Why do you think poverty levels are higher in Glasgow than in East Renfrewshire? • Can you think of ways that poorer people in Scotland are given help?

9. POVERTY Why do so many people live in poverty? Create a mind map with your ideas

10. Causes of Poverty • Unemployment is the biggest cause of poverty in the UK and causes people to rely on benefits. • A person could be unemployed because they lack experience. • A young person may lack experience because they have not had the opportunity to work before. • An older person may be unemployed as they have been made redundant and lack experience in the types of jobs available.

11. Low Pay • Lone parents are more at risk from living in poverty because of the problems they face in finding regular, well paid work that fits with their routine of childcare. • Benefit trap- many stuck in this as it does not make financial sense for them to get a low paid job. Returning to employment after this can be stressful.

12. Gender and Poverty ‘Poverty in the UK has a female face’ • Highest poverty rates amongst female headed households. Over half of lone parent families are poor- more difficult to find suitable work. • The combination of racism and sexism makes black and ethnic minority women particularly vulnerable to poverty. • Jobs traditionally viewed as women’s jobs are paid less than men’s jobs. For example, a bin man gets paid more than a childcare worker. • Have less savings and pensions. • Glass ceiling effect- less women in promoted posts despite qualifications.

13. Elderly and Poverty • Weekly state pension of £102.15 not enough to live on. • Women may only get a smaller pension as they have taken maternity breaks during their working lives. • Lack of family who can give financial support • Lack of savings • May not have a private pension to top up a state pension. • Fuel Poverty

14. Question Describe, in detail, why an increasing number of the elderly or women are living in poverty in the UK? (6)

15. Race and Poverty • Ethnic minority households are particularly at risk of poverty, especially Pakistani and Bangladeshi households. • The reasons for this are prejudice, discrimination, cultural and religious differences.

16. Poverty and Disability • 30% of disabled adults aged 25 to retirement are living on a low income. • Reasons for disabled people facing poverty are prejudice, discrimination, lack of access to training and poorly adapted buildings.

17. Question • Describe, in detail, the reasons why many people live in poverty. (8) Paragraph Plan Unemployment- why this causes people to live in poverty Who is likely to be unemployed and why? Example of unemployment.